The Method of Attestation (Istishh?d) in al-Zajj?j's Work Entitled Ma??n? al-Qur’?n wa I?r?buh

Abstract

The subject of this article is the istishh?d method used by Abû Ishâq al-Zajj?j (d. 311/923) in his work calledMa‘?n? al-Qur’?n wa i‘r?buh. Zajj?j, who lived in the third and fourth centuries of the Islamic calendar, is one ofthe leading scholars of the Arabic language. Zajj?j, who wrote various works in the field of Arabic language,wrote his most important work in the field of tafsir named Ma‘?n? al-Qur’?n wa i‘r?buh, in a long period ofabout sixteen years. In this work, Zajj?j examined the verses in terms of language and rhetoric, and also includedexplanations about word structure and syntax rules. In his analyzes and evaluations, it is seen that Zajj?j madeistishh?d from verses of the Qur'an, Qur’anic recitation, hadiths, poems and Arabic dialects. The verses of theQur'an are at the forefront of the istishh?ds used by Zajj?j in his mentioned work. Zajj?j, who applied to poemsin the second place, made istishh?d with nearly five hundred poems in his work. In the present study, Zajj?j’s lifestory, his tafsir named Ma‘?n? al-Qur’?n and the characteristics of the work are briefly mentioned. Followingthis, the concept of istishh?d, the place and importance of istishh?d in Arabic language are examined. Finally, theistishh?d method used by Zajj?j in his work named Ma‘?n? al-Qur’?n has been tried to be explained with someexamples.

Arap dili alanında birçok eser telif etmiş olan Zeccâc, Me‘âni’l-Kur’ân ve İ‘râbuhu adlı tefsirinde âyetleri dil açısından incelemiş; kelime yapısı ve nahiv kurallarıyla ilgili beyanlarda bulunmuştur. Bu açıklamaları yaparken de Kur’ân’dan, Hadisten, şiirden ve Arap lehçelerinden istişhâdda bulunmuştur. Zeccâc’ın bu eserinde beş yüz civarı şiirle istişhâdda bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda Zeccâc’ın Me‘âni’l-Kur’ân ve İ‘râbuhu adlı eserinde istişhâd metodu ele alınmıştır. Çalışma giriş ve üç ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Zeccâc’ın hayatına ve Me‘âni’l-Kur’ân adlı eserine kısaca temas edildikten sonra istişhâd kavramı ve Arap dilinde istişhâdın yeri ve önemi incelenmiş olup Zeccâc’ın Me‘âni’l-Kur’ân’ındaki istişhâd metodu örneklerle aktarılmıştır.