Development of The Garden Concept and The Effect of Other Cultures in The Formatıon of TheTurkish Garden Concept

Abstract

Garden is a form that occured because of various necessities and reasons, especially religious beliefs, after people have settled in. It’s a phenomenon that vary from culture to culture and shaped by different architectural and artistic trends. Design elements used in garden also differ in this respect. Climatic and ecological conditions are important in designing them. Firstly, it was made for aristocrats as wealth indicator;later it started to be design for society and individuals. In this study, it was tried to give information about the formation of garden and garden idea; concept of garden seen in different societies over time was evaluated; effect of garden idea in Turks, formation of Turkish garden concept were discussed. Since early ages, “formal” and “natural” lines appear in the formation of garden. The first examples are generally formal and symmetrical. Hereby, in addition to respect for nature, the fear from nature and desire of domination on it have led to design of such garden areas. Plants were planted with a certain level and shape. Water was used as very important gardening element, architectural elements -ere included. In time, this idea gave place to the concept of “natural” design. Instead of being dominant on nature, becoming a part of it has gained importance. Plants have a plan within themselves, water and architectural elements continued to be used as required by the era. Large public areas were designed and the borders were removed. The Turkish garden culture has been shaped according to time and needs of the research has been revealed.