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    Acinetobacter mesopotamicussp. nov., Petroleum-degrading Bacterium, Isolated from Petroleum-Contaminated Soil in Diyarbakir, in the Southeast of Turkey
    (Springer, 2020) Acer, Omer; Guven, Kemal; Poli, Annarita; Di Donato, Paola; Leone, Luigi; Buono, Lorena; Guven, Reyhan Gul
    A new petroleum-degrading bacterium, designated strain GC2(T), was isolated from Bozkus 1 petroleum station in Diyarbakir, located in the southeast of Turkey. Cells were Gram-negative staining, aerobic, coccoid-rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming. The bacterium was found to degrade 100% ofn-alkanes ranging from C11 to C34 presented in the 1% crude oil after incubation of 7 days. The membrane phospholipids were 1,2 diacylglycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (PEA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 1- phosphocholine (PC1), 1,2 dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine monohydrate (PC3), cardiolipin also called diphosphatidylglycerol (CL) and l-alpha- phosphatidic acid, dipalmitoyl (AP); predominant respiratory ubiquinone was Q-8 and C16:0, C18:1 omega 9c and C16:1 were the major cellular fatty acids. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the strain GC2(T)was a member of genusAcinetobacterand was most closely related toAcinetobacter lwoffiiDSM 2403( T)(99.79%),Acinetobacter pseudolwoffiiANC 5318( T)(98.83%) andAcinetobacter harbinensisHITLi 7( T)(98.14%). TherpoBandgyrBgene sequence analysis confirmed that the strain GC2(T)was a member of genusAcinetobacterand that the closest relative wasAcinetobacter lwoffiiDSM 2403( T)(99.08% and 100% similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization values between GC2(T)and its closest relatives ranged from 65.6% (withA. lwoffii) to 5.1% (withA. venetianus). The whole genome sequence of strain GC2(T)was obtained. The DNA G + C content of this strain was determined to be 42.9 mol %. ANI indexes, in silico estimations of DDH values and wet lab DDH values demonstrated that strain GC2(T)represents an independent genomospecies. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA hybridization and whole genome analysis, we propose to assign strain GC2(T)as a new species of the genusAcinetobacter, for which the nameAcinetobacter mesopotamicussp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is GC2(T)(DSM 26953 T = JCM 31073 T). The whole genome of strain GC2(T)has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession JAALFF010000000.
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    PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED EXTRACELLULAR THERMOSTABLE ?-AMYLASE BY Bacillus subtilis IN SUBMERGED FERMENTATION (SmF)
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Ozdemir, Sadin; Matpan, Fatma; Guven, Kemal; Baysal, Zubeyde
    A Bacillus strain was isolated from soil samples from the campus area of Dicle University. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, the microorganism was closely related to Bacillus subtilis. Effects of different culture medium, incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources, and various starches, flours, and chemicals on alpha-amylase production were examined. Maximum enzyme production (7516 U/mL) was obtained in a basal medium A containing 0.05% Tween 40 in 24 h. Partially purified enzyme showed maximum activity at 60 degrees C with an optimum pH of 6.0. The effects of 0.2% detergents (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], CHAPS [3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate], and commercial detergent Omo Matic) on partially purified enzyme activity over a period of time (15-150 min) were examined and the order of inhibition effect from the most to the least was found as SDS> Omo Matic> CHAPS. Different metal ions inhibited alpha-amylase activity at low concentrations (1.5 mM). Co2+ was a mild inhibitor and Hg2+ and Cd2+ were potent inhibitors, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased the enzyme activity. At 20 mM, Ca2+ enhanced enzyme activity, and different Ca2+ concentrations (10-300 mM) were studied.