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Öğe The Effect of Comedy Therapy on Anxiety and Vital Signs in Liver Transplant Recipients during the Preoperative Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial(Wiley, 2026) Saritas, Hasan; Okutan, Serafettin; Bulbuloglu, Semra; Saritas, Serdar; Guven, Durdane YilmazBackground Patients awaiting liver transplantation often experience preoperative anxiety, which may negatively influence vital signs and physiological stability. Brief, low-cost non-pharmacological interventions such as comedy therapy may help reduce anxiety and improve selected physiological parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of comedy therapy on preoperative anxiety and vital signs in liver transplant recipients. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted between April 2024 and May 2025 at a liver transplant institute in Turkey. A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) or a control group (n = 60). During the preoperative period, the intervention group watched 10-min clips from classic Turkish comedy films, while the control group received only routine care. State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) scores and vital signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results In the intervention group, STAI scores decreased significantly after comedy therapy (p = 0.001), whereas no significant change occurred in the control group (p = 0.974). Mean pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate decreased, and oxygen saturation increased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In the control group, only a limited reduction in blood pressure was noted. Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (p < 0.05). Conclusion Comedy therapy effectively reduces preoperative anxiety and improves selected physiological parameters in liver transplant recipients. Integrating such low-cost, non-pharmacological interventions into surgical preparation may enhance psychological well-being and promote physiological stability.Öğe Additive Manufacturing of Cranial Implants: Experimental Evaluation and Machine Learning Prediction of Mechanical and Dimensional Performance(Wiley, 2026) Yildirim, Yagmur Akin; Yildirim, Burak; Ulkir, Osman; Kuncan, MelihThis study investigates the additive manufacturing (AM) of defect-specific cranial implants produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) using three different polymeric materials, namely polylactic acid (PLA), polyamide (PA), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The primary objective is to evaluate the effects of key printing parameters on the dimensional accuracy and mechanical performance of the fabricated implants as well as to develop machine learning (ML) models to predict the main output responses. For this purpose, material type (MT), printing speed (PS), infill density (ID), layer height (LH), and build orientation (BO) were selected as input parameters and organized according to an L27 Taguchi experimental design. The fabricated implants were evaluated in terms of maximum length, thickness, maximum compressive load, and impact resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that MT, ID, LH, and BO affected maximum compressive load, whereas PS was not significant for this response within the investigated range. Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), and decision tree regression (DTR) models were used to predict the mechanical responses of the implants. Among them, GPR showed the highest predictive accuracy, achieving for compressive load and for impact resistance.Öğe RuCo@Expanded Perlite Nanocatalyst for Sustainable Hydrogen Generation via Methanolysis of Ammonia Borane(Wiley, 2026) Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Sahin, Omer; Onat, ErhanRuCo nanoclusters supported on expanded perlite (EP) were synthesized and evaluated as efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation via the methanolysis of ammonia borane (AB). EP, an inexpensive and environmentally benign support, was modified to enhance its surface properties and subsequently employed for metal loading. The resulting RuCo@EP catalyst exhibited good activity, achieving a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 5487 mL g-1 min-1 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 94.5 h-1 at 30 degrees C. Comprehensive kinetic studies revealed that the reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to AB concentration, with an apparent activation energy of 47.07 kJ mol-1. Structural and morphological analyses (XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, and BET) supported the successful incorporation and relatively uniform distribution of Ru and Co nanoparticles on the perlite surface. These findings demonstrate that RuCo@EP is a cost-effective and highly active catalyst, highlighting the potential of natural mineral supports for sustainable hydrogen generation.Öğe Effect of Ironing Parameters on Surface Quality and Energy Demand ofFDM-Fabricated Proximal Humerus Plates: A Box-Behnken and Machine Learning Study(Wiley, 2026) Altuncu, Mehmet Ali; Ulkir, Osman; Kuncan, MelihThis study investigates the effects of ironing parameters on surface quality and energy demand in FDM fabrication of proximal-humerus-inspired PLA plate-like demonstrator, aiming to quantify how ironing settings influence surface roughness (Ra) and electrical energy consumption (EC), thereby revealing the quality-efficiency trade-off in the finishing stage. Four ironing related process variables including ironing flow (IF), ironing line spacing (ILS), ironing speed (IS), and ironing inset (II) were investigated at three levels using a BBD. Experimental results showed that Ra varied between 4.52 and 8.52 mu m, whereas EC ranged from 261.15 to 545.39 Wh, indicating that improved surface finish generally requires higher energy input. Analysis of variance confirmed that IF, ILS, and IS significantly affect Ra (p < 0.001), while EC is predominantly governed by IS and IF (p < 0.001). To model and predict Ra and EC from ironing parameters, LR, ANN, and GPR-Bayes models were developed and evaluated using a repeated group-based fivefold cross-validation strategy. For Ra prediction, LR and GPR-Bayes showed similar performance, while ANN showed lower performance. For EC prediction, GPR-Bayes achieved the best overall performance, with R-2 = 0.8624 +/- 0.1741.Öğe Nitrogen-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride With Defect-Rich Structure for Efficient Pb (II) and Cd (II) Removal From Aqueous Solutions(Wiley, 2026) Saka, Cafer; Tegin, Ibrahim; Baykara, RabiaThe presence of toxic heavy metals such as Pb (II) and Cd (II) in water poses severe risks to ecosystems and human health. In this study, nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (N@g-C3N4) was synthesized via an ammonia-assisted hydrothermal route to enhance its adsorption performance toward Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions. Structural and surface analyses confirmed that nitrogen heteroatom doping generated abundant defect sites and nitrogen-containing functional groups, significantly improving surface reactivity compared to pristine g-C3N4. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that N@g-C3N4 exhibits markedly enhanced adsorption capacity, strongly dependent on solution pH, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption on homogeneous active sites. Kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order model, suggesting a surface-controlled adsorption process. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of both Pb (II) and Cd (II) is spontaneous and endothermic. The enhanced performance is attributed to synergistic electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and coordination interactions between metal ions and nitrogen-rich functional groups. This work highlights nitrogen heteroatom engineering as an effective strategy to develop high-performance g-C3N4-based adsorbents for wastewater treatment.Öğe Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation Using an Aniline-Enhanced Ru Nanocatalyst(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2026) Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Sahin, Omer; Onat, Erhan; Enisoglu, Muhammed; Celik, Fatih Ahmet; Karabulut, EzmanThis study aimed to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDs) through the interaction of carboxyl (-COOH) and amino (-NH2) groups and to investigate experimentally and theoretically hydrogen (H2) production efficiency from ammonia borane (AB) hydrogen source using this CQDs structure with ruthenium (Ru) catalyst support material. CQDs were obtained by the hydrothermal method from aniline (A) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) under weak base-acid coupling. A heterogeneous Ru@ATCA catalyst is developed using Ru metal nanoclusters decorated on CQDs. The development process is characterized by advanced analytical methods (UV, PL, BET, ICP-OES, TEM, XPS, XRD). As a result of the AB catalytic reaction at 298 K, a very high Hydrogen Production Rate (HGR) of 102.1 L/g.min and a catalyst cycle frequency (TOF) of 356 min-1 are obtained. The reaction proceeds in a first-order manner, with activation energy (Ea) of 22.3 kJ/mol, activation enthalpy and entropy of 19.65 and -29.95 J/mol, respectively. The mesoporous structures under this interaction, the increase in active surface area increases H2 production efficiency by providing lower viscosity for both AB hydrolysis and the surrounding molecular groups. The H2 production efficiency is compared with GFN1xTB modeling. According to modeling, the Ru activity of the weak acid TCA alone has a weaker catalytic effect than the Ru activity resulting from its interaction with the weak base aniline molecule, demonstrating the importance of the weak acid and weak base interactions.Öğe Kinetic Evaluation and Fabrication of Co-Fe-B Catalyst in Ethanol for Rapid Hydrogen Production From Sodium Borohydride(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2026) Keskin, Mehmet Salih; Agirtas, Mehmet SalihIn this study, Co-Fe-B catalysts were synthesized separately in ethanol and aqueous media under ambient conditions using a chemical reduction-precipitation method for rapid and efficient hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDX and XRD analyses. The results demonstrated that the synthesis medium had a significant influence on the catalytic performance. At 30 degrees C, the hydrogen generation rate of the Co-Fe-B catalyst synthesized in ethanol reached 13,021.6 mL gcat-1 min-1, whereas the catalyst synthesized in water exhibited a hydrogen generation rate of 4005 mL gcat-1 min-1 under the same conditions. The hydrogen generation rate increased with increasing temperature, catalyst amount, and NaBH4 concentration. The reaction order was determined to be approximately 0.9, and the activation energy of the highly active catalyst was calculated as 37.72 kJ mol-1 using the Arrhenius equation. The enhanced catalytic activity of the catalyst synthesized in ethanol was attributed to the formation of a larger active surface area and electron transfer from boron to the active Co and Fe sites. These findings reveal that the synthesis medium plays a critical role in determining the structural properties and hydrogen generation performance of Co-Fe-B catalysts.Öğe MusicoCrypt: A Music-Modulated Stream Cipher Using Deep Pitch Estimation and Number-Theoretic Dynamics(Wiley, 2026) Turan, Cilen Gulsum; Keskin, Fesih; Isik, GultekinThis paper presents MusicoCrypt, a context-bound music-modulated stream-encryption framework that incorporates audio-derived public side information into a pseudorandom-function-centered encryption workflow. A shared reference recording is processed using a pitch-tracking pipeline, and ordered note pairs are encoded as residues in to form a contextual carrier. We first analyze MusicoCrypt-Core, a raw affine construction in which HMAC-SHA256-derived table indices select Happy-number and Collatz-based coefficients for carrier modulation. Motivated by the observed statistical bias of this raw affine stream, we introduce MusicoCrypt-W, a bias-resistant variant in which the audio-derived carrier and affine residue are used as domain-separated inputs to a final HMAC-SHA256 extraction layer with unbiased rejection sampling over . A byte-oriented MusicoCrypt-WB interface is also defined for binary protocols and standardized bit-level testing. The evaluation includes long-sequence stream statistics, HMAC-only/audio-hash/carrier ablations, NIST SP 800-22 bit-level tests, fixed-budget extraction analysis, known-plaintext analysis, frame-resynchronization simulation, acoustic synchronization experiments under additive white Gaussian noise, and computational-cost measurements that separate offline carrier extraction from online keystream generation. Results on symbols show that the raw Core keystream remains detectably non-uniform, whereas MusicoCrypt-W is consistent with the expected uniform distribution in the reported symbol-domain chi-square test. The ablation study shows that HMAC-based extraction provides the final statistical behavior, while the audio context provides context binding and cross-context separation. Accordingly, MusicoCrypt is positioned for context-bound multimedia workflows where offline carrier extraction is acceptable, rather than as a replacement for lightweight real-time binary stream ciphers.Öğe Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Thymbra Spicata L. Using Response Surface Methodology: Polyphenol Profile and Antibacterial Activity(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2026) Sirin, Muhammed Hasan; Kaya, Muhammet Mukerrem; Demirag, Melike Sultan; Keyvan, Erhan; Bayezit, Murat; Tutun, HidayetThymbra spicata L. (Zahter) is a medicinal aromatic plant naturally growing in T & uuml;rkiye. This study aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize its total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH). The optimal conditions were established as 31.071% methanol, 63.467 degrees C, 48.423 min, and a 36.14 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio. The optimized extract yielded TPC, TFC, and DPPH values of 145.77 +/- 2.26 mg GAE/g, 16.19 +/- 0.20 mg QE/g, and 97.794 +/- 1.78 mg AAE/g dry plant material, respectively, demonstrating positive correlations among them. Orbitrap-MS profiling identified rosmarinic acid, quinic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, and naringenin as the predominant polyphenols. Furthermore, antibacterial assays revealed minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively, against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes, whereas values for Escherichia coli O157:H7 were >10 mg/mL. Conclusively, RSM optimization successfully yielded a polyphenolic-rich T. spicata extract with high antioxidant capacity and measurable antibacterial activity at higher concentrations.Öğe Optimization and Molecular Simulation of Gelatin-Free Marshmallow Formulation Using Gellan Gum and Aquafaba(Wiley, 2026) Telli, Elif Ersahin; Goztok, Serpil Pekdogan; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Kamer, Deniz D. A.; Konar, NevzatThis study aimed to optimize the formulation of marshmallow-type products by replacing animal-derived gelatin with plant-based aquafaba and gellan gum. The formulation optimization was conducted using response surface methodology, with the optimal formulation determined based on the density and overall preference. In the optimized formulation, the inclusion rates of aquafaba and gellan gum as gelatin substitutes were determined to be 0.71% and 0.50%, respectively. The marshmallow samples were compared to control marshmallow samples containing gelatin (CM). The interaction between aquafaba and gellan gum was further investigated using molecular docking. The most stable predicted molecular configuration yielded a binding energy score of -9.8 kcal/mol, suggesting a favorable interaction. The water activity, density, and T-end values of the optimized formulation (OFM) samples were 0.56, 0.84 g/cm(3), and 81.65 degrees C, respectively, all of which were higher than those of the CM samples. A significant difference was observed in the color values between the OFM and CM samples, despite no colorants being used in either formulation (p < 0.05). The PLM images revealed that the granule dimensions in the CM samples were larger and more prominent compared to the OFM samples. The OFM samples also exhibited higher viscosity and superior viscous rheological properties compared to the CM samples.Öğe Macroscopic, Histological and Ultrastructural Features of the Tongue of the Anatolian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa libycus)(Wiley, 2026) Isbilir, Fatma; Kandil, Banu; Atli, Muhammed Zahid; Isbilir, Ihsan; Guzel, Baris CanThis study provides a detailed characterization of the macroscopic anatomy and microscopic features (light and scanning electron microscopy) of the lingual papillae in the adult Anatolian wild boar (Sus scrofa libycus). Tissue samples were taken from two adult wild boars found dead in their natural habitat within an average of 1.5 h. Following macroscopic observation, samples underwent routine histological processing, histochemical staining, and high-resolution surface morphology analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological analysis revealed five distinct types of papillae: filiform, fungiform, conical, foliate, and vallate. Filiform papillae, exhibiting either sharp or blunt apices, showed structural adaptations specialized for mechanical function. Fungiform papillae were identified in circular and oval forms; notably, taste buds were restricted to the circular type. Foliate papillae, comprising 3-5 distinct folds, lacked taste buds. A pair of vallate papillae, each demarcated by a prominent trench and housing lateral taste buds, was observed on the caudal tongue. Histochemical evaluation using Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue (AB) confirmed the presence of both neutral and acidic mucins within the lingual glands. These findings suggest that the lingual morphology of the Anatolian wild boar is closely adapted to its specific dietary habits and ecological niche. This data serves as a critical baseline for comparative anatomy, forensic veterinary medicine, and future morphological research.Öğe Examining the Psychometric Properties of Four Mattering Constructs Through Rasch Modeling: Evidence From Turkish Adolescents and College Students(Wiley, 2026) Kaya, Alican; Green, Zane Asher; Sata, Mehmet; Yildirim, Murat; Sarigul, Abdulselami; Turk, Nuri; Duradoni, MirkoBackground Mattering and anti-mattering are central constructs in understanding individual well-being. Traditionally, these concepts have been studied in offline social contexts. The rise of information and communication technologies has expanded the social environments in which individuals may feel valued or, conversely, insignificant. However, evidence on measurement invariance of these combined offline and online mattering scales for gender and different developmental stages remains limited in culturally diverse countries, including Turkey.Objectives This study aimed to validate four scales assessing both offline and online dimensions of mattering and anti-mattering-the General Mattering Scale, the Anti-Mattering Scale, the Online Mattering Scale, and the Online Anti-Mattering Scale-within a Turkish sample of adolescents and college students.Methods: Data were collected from 888 participants (high school students: n = 434, mean age = 15.51 +/- 1.02, 63.1% female; college students: n = 454, mean age = 21.10 +/- 1.67, 84.1% female). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to examine the dimensional structure and reliability of the scales. Additionally, the Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) was applied to test measurement invariance across educational levels and gender.Results CFA results indicated acceptable fit indices for all four scales across both groups, with reliability coefficients exceeding recommended thresholds. MFRM analyses further supported measurement invariance across high school and college students, as well as across male and female participants.Conclusion The four-scale set appears psychometrically sound for use with Turkish adolescents and emerging adults and is well-suited to capturing the complexity of contemporary hybrid social environments, where experiences of significance and neglect can occur both offline and online.Öğe Insecticidal Potential of Essential Oils from Origanum onites, Lavandula angustifolia, and Foeniculum vulgare Against Agonoscena pistaciae: Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Approaches(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2026) Yas, Cemile; Dilmen, Halil; Gok, Mesut; Basar, YunusThis study evaluated the insecticidal potential of essential oils (EOs) obtained from Origanum onites, Lavandula angustifolia, and Foeniculum vulgare against Agonoscena pistaciae. The phytochemical content of the essential oils was determined by GC-MS. Furthermore, molecular docking analyses were performed to theoretically investigate the inhibitory properties of the dominant compounds against the detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450. In the GC-MS analysis, the dominant components were identified as follows: O. onites (60.51% carvacrol, 9.73% linalool, and 7.53% cis-cymene); L. angustifolia (25.44% linalyl acetate, 23.47% linalool, and 7.37% cis-cymene); and F. vulgare (49.41% anethol, 14.62% p-anisaldehyde, and 9.35% estragol). As a result of molecular docking, carvacrol showed the strongest binding affinity to both enzymes, surpassing the reference inhibitors metronidazole and coniferil ferulate, achieving docking scores of -5.40 kcal/mol and -5.70 kcal/mol, respectively. Visualization of molecular interactions revealed strong hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts between carvacrol and the enzyme active sites. Biological analyses confirmed that carvacrol-rich O. onites EOs caused significantly higher mortality rates in A. pistaciae larvae compared to other applications and controls. These results demonstrate that carvacrol derived from O. onites is a promising natural insecticide targeting detoxification enzymes in pests and offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides.Öğe Experimental and ANN Modeling of Mechanical Properties and Surface Quality in Multi-Material FDM Printing: Effects of Retraction Parameters(Wiley, 2026) Akin Yildirim, Yagmur; Yildirim, Burak; Ulkir, Osman; Kuncan, MelihIn fused deposition modeling (FDM), retraction related parameters are usually adjusted to reduce stringing and oozing; however, their combined effects on mechanical performance and surface quality, particularly in multi-material printing, remain insufficiently quantified. This study investigates how retraction control influences tensile strength and surface roughness in multi-material FDM printing and evaluates the predictive capability of an artificial neural network (ANN) model in comparison with gaussian process regression (GPR), k-nearest neighbors (K-NN), and Taguchi based prediction. Five input factors were considered: material type (MT), retraction distance (RD), retraction speed (RS), retraction minimum travel (RMT), and extra prime amount (EPA), where the material types consisted of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), and polyamide (nylon). A Taguchi experimental design, supported by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and machine learning (ML) based modeling, was employed to establish both statistical and predictive relationships between process parameters and the selected responses. Experimental results showed that tensile strength ranged from 18.21 to 64.57 MPa, with the maximum value of 64.57 MPa obtained for Nylon (RD = 4 mm, RS = 20 mm/s, RMT = 2.5 mm, EPA = 0.00 mm3) and the minimum value of 18.21 MPa obtained for ABS (RD = 2 mm, RS = 20 mm/s, RMT = 0.9 mm, EPA = 0.08 mm3). Surface roughness varied between 11.57 and 16.03 mu m, where the lowest roughness (11.57 mu m) was observed for ABS (RD = 4 mm, RS = 40 mm/s, RMT = 1.6 mm, EPA = 0.00 mm3) and the highest roughness (16.03 mu m) occurred for ABS (RD = 6 mm, RS = 60 mm/s, RMT = 2.5 mm, EPA = 0.08 mm3). ANOVA results showed that all investigated factors had a statistically significant effect on both strength and roughness (). MT was identified as the dominant factor for strength, whereas roughness was mainly influenced by MT and EPA. In predictive modeling, ANN achieved the best performance with MSE = 0.9981, MAE = 2.4794, RMSE = 0.9908, MAPE = 1.6253, , and for tensile strength, and MSE = 0.4523, MAE = 1.4864, RMSE = 0.6724, MAPE = 1.0532, , and for surface roughness. The comparison models, GPR and K-NN, yielded lower prediction accuracy, while Taguchi based estimates showed the weakest overall performance. These results show that retraction and priming parameters significantly affect strength and surface quality, and that the proposed framework effectively models and improves multi-material FDM performance.Öğe Integrated Experimental and Machine Learning-Based Predictive Analysis of FDM Parameters for Conductive PLA-Based Composites(Wiley, 2026) Altuncu, Mehmet Ali; Ulkir, Osman; Kuncan, MelihThis study investigates the effects of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parameters on the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of conductive polylactic acid (PLA)-based composites. An integrated experimental and machine learning (ML)-based framework was used. Printing speed (PS), infill density (ID), layer thickness (LT), and nozzle temperature (NT) were determined as printing parameters. A full factorial design was employed, yielding 81 unique parameter combinations. Experimental results showed that both tensile strength and electrical conductivity were affected by the selected printing parameters. Tensile strength ranged from 16.44 to 49.14 MPa, and electrical conductivity ranged from 0.01332 to 0.10442 S/cm. Overall, lower speed, higher density, lower thickness, and higher temperature improved performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that ID and LT were the most influential factors, with statistically significant effects (p < 0.05) for both response variables. ML models were developed to establish predictive relationships between printing parameters and output responses. For this purpose, a random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and deep kernel learning (DKL) inspired model were trained and evaluated using five-fold cross-validation. For tensile strength estimation, the RF and KNN models achieved R-2 values of 0.8582 and 0.8899, respectively, while the DKL-inspired model provided the highest accuracy with R-2 = 0.9999. Similarly, for electrical conductivity estimation, the RF and KNN models produced R-2 values of 0.9001 and 0.8810, respectively, while the DKL-inspired model again showed the best performance with R-2 = 0.9999. Sample-based error analysis further confirmed the superiority of the DKL-inspired model. For this model, the mean percentage error was 0.14% for tensile strength and 0.28% for electrical conductivity. The results demonstrate that the combined use of experimental design, statistical analysis, and ML provides an effective approach to understanding the multifunctional performance of FDM printed conductive PLA-based composites.Öğe Evaluation of Cu-Doped FeO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Method as High-Performance Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2026) Tarhan, Suna; Sahin, Omer; Baytar, Orhan; Akdag, Abdurrahman; Ekinci, ArzuThis study reports the green synthesis of FeO and 5 wt.% Cu-doped FeO nanoparticles using fig leaf extract and their application as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Structural analyses indicated the formation of crystalline FeO nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 4 nm, while Pt-FeO/C and Pt-CuFeO/C catalysts exhibited smaller particle sizes of 2 nm. BET analysis revealed a significant increase in surface area from 54.4 m2g-1 (Pt-FeO/C) to 185.1 m2g-1 (Pt-CuFeO/C), accompanied by an increase in electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) from 97 to 213 m2g-1 Pt upon Cu incorporation. Durability tests over 250 CV cycles showed that Pt-CuFeO/C retained 73% of its ECSA, compared to 29% for Pt-FeO/C, suggesting improved structural stability.Single-cell PEMFC evaluations demonstrated that catalyst performance was temperature-dependent. The Pt-CuFeO/C catalyst achieved a current density of approximately 250 mAcm-2 at 70 degrees C under PEMFC operating conditions, whereas Pt-FeO/C reached 212 mAcm-2 at 60 degrees C but showed decreased performance at higher temperatures.Öğe Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Tolfenamic Acid in Calves: First Evaluation of Subcutaneous Administration(Wiley, 2026) Corum, Orhan; Marin, Pedro; Badillo, Elena; Corum, Duygu Durna; Yuksel, Murat; Oguz, Halis; Uney, KamilObjective Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used in veterinary medicine. However, information on its pharmacokinetics in calves, particularly following subcutaneous (SC) administration, is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the disposition of TA in calves following SC, intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) administration.Methods Six calves received TA at a dose of 4 mg/kg via each route in a crossover design.Results TA exhibited route-dependent pharmacokinetics. The terminal elimination half-life increased significantly from IV (6.64 h) to IM (12.79 h) and SC (15.11 h) administration, which is consistent with flip-flop kinetics following extravascular dosing. Following IV administration, the volume of distribution at steady state was moderate (0.67 L/kg), which suggests extensive plasma protein binding. The time to reach the maximum concentration was similar for the IM and SC routes. However, systemic exposure was markedly lower following SC administration, with peak plasma concentration, area under the curve and bioavailability being approximately half of those observed following IM injection. Plasma concentrations exceeded the EC50 values required to inhibit prostaglandin E2 and related inflammatory mediators for up to 24 h after IV administration and up to 48 h after IM or SC administration.Conclusions These findings demonstrate that SC administration of TA in calves results in prolonged but reduced systemic exposure compared with IM administration. The results support the need for route-specific dosing considerations and provide a basis for further studies on residue depletion and determination of withdrawal period in food-producing calves.Öğe Sexual Monomorphism and Size-Related Shape Change in the Beak of the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)(Wiley, 2026) Gunay, Ebuderda; Deveci, Emine Irem; Tezsay, Nilay; Korkmazcan, Aycan; Manuta, Nicoleta; Melnyk, Oleksii O.; Guzel, Baris CanBackground The avian beak is a functionally important structure shaped by ecological demands. In highly specialized filter-feeders such as flamingos, subtle variation in beak size and shape may influence feeding performance. However, the relative contributions of sexual dimorphism and allometry to beak shape variation remain unclear in Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus).Objectives This study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism and size-related shape variation in the beak of adult Greater Flamingos using two-dimensional geometric morphometrics.Methods Standardized dorsal and lateral beak photographs were obtained from 40 adults of known sex (15 females, 25 males). Fixed landmark configurations (7 dorsal and 12 lateral landmarks) were digitized and analyzed using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Generalized Procrustes analysis was used to obtain Procrustes shape coordinates and centroid size, and principal component analysis was performed to summarize major axes of variation. Sex effects were tested using permutation-based Procrustes ANOVA, and allometry was assessed using Procrustes regression including sex and size & times; sex interaction terms.Results Sex was not a significant predictor of beak shape in either view (dorsal: R2 = 0.005, p = 0.971; lateral: R2 = 0.038, p = 0.120). Dorsal shape showed a significant allometric component (logCS: R2 = 0.123, p = 0.002), whereas lateral allometry was weaker and not significant at alpha = 0.05 (logCS: R2 = 0.047, p = 0.055). No sex-specific allometric trajectories were detected.Conclusions Adult Greater Flamingos exhibit sexual monomorphism in beak shape, and observed variation is partly explained by size-related shape change, particularly in the dorsal configuration.Öğe Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From Faecal Samples of Chicken and Turkey(Wiley, 2026) Yesilyurt, Muazzez; Gulaydin, Ozgul; Gulmez Saglam, AliyeBackground: Thermophilic Campylobacter species cause significant economic losses in cases of enteritis in poultry. Objective: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari from chicken and turkey faeces samples using bacteriological and molecular methods. Also, to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities and antibiotic resistance genes of the isolates. Materials and methods: Within the scope of the study, 201 cloacal swab samples were collected from 132 chickens and 69 turkeys. Phenotypic and genotypic examinations were performed on the isolates obtained for resistance to various antimicrobial agents. Results: Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 38.30% of the samples. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis identified 63.63% of the isolates as C. jejuni and 23.37% as C. coli. The highest resistance rates of the isolates were determined against cephalothin (81.81%), nalidixic acid (72.72%) and aztreonam (61.03%). Multidrug resistance was found in 50% of Campylobacter spp. strains. The highest susceptibility in C. jejuni and C. coli strains was observed against gentamicin (95.91% and 100%). Statistical analyses demonstrated no significant differences between C. jejuni and C. coli with respect to most of the antibiotics tested (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was observed for nalidixic acid (p = 0.009). The bla(OXA-61) gene tested positive in 79.71% of the phenotypically ampicillin-resistant isolates. The tet(O) gene was identified in 72.2% of tetracycline-resistant isolates and the aphA-3-1 gene in 5.8% of aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. The ERY2074 and ERY2075 genes were identified in 50% and 78.57% of the 28 isolates with erythromycin resistance genes, respectively. The cmeA, cmeB and cmeC genes were identified in 51.28%, 79.48% and 25.6% of the strains that developed multidrug resistance, respectively. The Thr-86-Ile point mutation was found in 92% of the isolates that carried the gyrA gene responsible for quinolone resistance. Conclusion: The high susceptibility of the isolates to gentamicin in vitro suggests that gentamicin could be a potential agent for limiting Campylobacter colonization in poultry.Öğe Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Goat Population in Siirt Province From Türkiye(Wiley, 2026) Selcuk, Muhammed Ahmed; Karakus, Tamer; Ozen, Rustu Erdem; Ceylan, Ceylan; Ceylan, OnurAnaplasmosis is a major tick-borne infectious disease affecting small ruminants, leading to significant economic losses due to decreased productivity and, in some cases, mortality. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in goats raised in Siirt province, T & uuml;rkiye, and to genetically characterize the detected isolates based on the major surface protein 4 (MSP4) gene region. A total of 250 randomly selected apparently healthy goats were sampled between July and September 2025. The overall molecular prevalence of A. ovis was found to be 52% (130/250), while A. phagocytophilum was not detected in any of the screened animals. Significant associations were observed between A. ovis positivity and age, sex, breed, and sampling districts within Siirt province (p < 0.05), with the highest infection rates observed in goats older than 1 year (63.6%), female goats (58.2%), Damascus goats (66.7%), and goats sampled from the Kurtalan district (87.1%). Sequencing analysis of selected samples yielded high-quality MSP4 gene sequences showing 100% nucleotide identity with reference A. ovis isolates from Iran, Italy, Pakistan, Sudan, Tunisia, and T & uuml;rkiye. Phylogenetic analysis supported species-level identification by grouping the study isolates with reference A. ovis sequences; however, broader evolutionary inferences should be interpreted cautiously due to the short fragment length and limited number of sequenced isolates. The findings of this study provide updated molecular epidemiological data on caprine anaplasmosis in southeastern T & uuml;rkiye and highlight the utility of the MSP4 gene as a reliable molecular marker for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. These results contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of A. ovis and may support the development of effective control strategies in small ruminant production systems.
