Ekinoks Ekonomi İşletme ve Siyasal Çalışmalar Dergisi
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Öğe The Relationship between Educational Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Keçili, Merve Çelik; Esen, EthemEducation displays a high impact on the development level occurrence of the countries. Therefore, education spending in a country can lead to significant increases in the economic growth of the country, which is one of the important indicators of the welfare level of the countries. Empirical studies in the literature find different results from time to time on the effect of education expenditures on economic growth. While many studies have shown that education expenditure has positive effects on the economic growth of the country, the causal relationship between these variables is mostly from educational expenditures to economic growth. In some empirical studies, it is emphasized that the causality relationship between these two variables is two-way. However, much fewer studies have shown that there is no relationship between spending on education and economic growth. In this study, the relationship between economic growth and education expenditure was investigated for the period of 1998:Q1 and 2019:Q4 in Turkey. After examining whether the series used in the study were stationary, a cointegration analysis was conducted to determine whether there is a cointegration relationship between education expenditures and economic growth variables. Moreover, Granger causality test is done to analyze the direction of the relationship between education expenditure and economic growth. The results of the study shows that education expenditures have an important impact on economic growth in Turkey. Therefore, education policies should be developed in order to increase the development level of the country.Öğe The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Conflict in the Workplace(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Çiçek, Berat; Almalı, VedatBased on the fact that leaders cannot always be perfect, on the contrary, some leaders may pose a danger to their environment, and this study aims to reveal the effect of toxic leadership on work in the workplace. In line with this purpose, quantitative research was carried out covering the manufacturing enterprises employees in the TRB-1 region (Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli). According to the data collected by the survey method, it was concluded that toxic leadership increased the conflict in the workplace. Besides, it was observed that the adverse effects of toxic leadership increased as the employees’ tenure increased in their current jobs.Öğe The Syrian Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Activities in Turkey: Gaziantep Case(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Kişman, Zülfükar Aytaç; Yalçın, HilayAfter a civil war that started with street demonstrations in Syria and the end was uncertain, millions of people left their countries and migrated to different countries. All the countries of the world are witnessing one of the most serious migrations in human history. The majority of the people who emigrated from Syria, took refuge in Turkey. The Syrians were given temporary protection status in Turkey. As the world’s most refugee hosting country, Turkey has maintained its humanitarian attitude towards the human tragedy in Syria. Syrians entrance to Turkey, stay, some legal regulations related to their official status have been made. Education policies have been strengthened to ensure the integration of Syrians into social and economic life. By solving the problem of language and through the vocational courses improving the employment policy in Turkey, the doors of business and investment world are opening for Syrian refugees in Turkey. The national and international business activities, investments, and bank deposit accounts of Syrian entrepreneurs play an important role both in terms of contributing to the country's economy and normalizing the life of Syrians.Öğe The Role of Innovation in the Process of Turning Agriculture into a Global Power System(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2018) Uyan, BirgülIn recent years, with the globalization of the agricultural sector, the sector has become important and strategic sector again, especially due to the effects of poverty reduction in developing countries, food security, industrial input, foreign exchange, economic growth. Therefore in this study Turkey’s agricultural indicators were examined together with advanced industrial countries. It has been seen that developed industrial countries have not taken agriculture in to the background, but the agricultural industry has been in a global position with scientific research and development studies, innovations at level of production, processing, marketing, system and organizational. Turkey’s not to behind these developments and issues that have to be given importance in the assesment of agricultural potential is evaluated.Öğe The Analysis of the Importance of the Criteria Used in the Selection of Transport Vehicle According to Cargo Companies by BWM(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Ulutaş, AlptekinThis study has tried to determine that the cargo companies give more importance to which criteria in the vehicle selection. BWM (Best-Worst Method) was used to determine the importance levels of the criteria. The data required for the implementation of BWM was obtained from the branch managers of three cargo companies located in a province in Eastern Anatolia. Branch managers have determined five main criteria and 19 sub-criteria for this evaluation process. According to the BWM method results, while the most important criterion among the 19 sub-criteria was determined as the vehicle's sale price, the least important criterion was identified as the exterior design of the vehicle. It is seen that the number of studies on this method in the domestic literature is limited. Also, the number of studies on vehicle selection in the logistics sector is limited. For the reasons stated, this study is thought to contribute to the literature.Öğe The Effect of Institutional Factors on Economic Growth: An Empirical Study(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Demirgil, Bünyamin; Şenol, ZekaiIn this study, 55 countries that also includes Turkey's impact on the institutional structure of economic growth for the sample was examined by the panel data analysis using annual data for the period 2002-2017. In this study, the economic growth variable is the independent variable which is taken as representative of dependent variable and institutional factors, the rule of law, corruption control, political stability, civil rights, political rights, human development index and education index. According to the analysis results of the study, there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the rule of law, education, corruption control, political stability, civil rights and human development index and economic growth, while there is a statistically significant relationship between economic freedom and political rights and economic growth among independent variables relationship was not found. The fact that six of the eight independent variables used in the study have a statistically significant and positive relationship between economic growth shows that the institutional structure positively affects economic growth.Öğe Ekonomik Büyüme Kuramlarının Bölgesel Ekonomik Gelişme Açısından İncelenmesi ve Türkiye’de Bölgesel Ekonomik Gelişme(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Uyan, BirgülSon yıllarda gelişmiş ekonomilerin bir durgunluk sürecine girmesine karşın küresel düzeyde bazı bölgelerin hızlı ekonomik gelişme göstermesi ekonomik büyüme kuramlarının yeniden ele alınmasına neden olmuştur. Bunun sonucunda hem ekonomik büyüme kuramları hem bölgesel gelişmenin birlikte ele alındığı çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ekonomik büyüme kuramları ışığında bölgesel gelişmeyi etkileyen faktörler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çalışma sonucuna göre bölgesel gelişmede etkili olan faktörlerin beşeri sermaye, inovasyon, kamu alt yapı yatırımları, sanayi üretimi, teknoloji olduğu görülmektedir.Öğe Poverty and Income Distribution: Panel Data Analysis with Selected Upper-Middle Income Countries(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Sezgenç, Şevval; Sezgin, ŞennurThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between poverty and income distribution of selected upper-middle-income countries including Turkey. This study examines how poverty affects income distribution in 15 upper-middle-income countries. This analysis covers the period of 1995-2017 and the GINI coefficient is used as an indicator of the income distribution. Furthermore, human development index, poverty gap, education index, life expectancy index, infant mortality rates, income of $ 3.20 and $ 5.50 per day and per capita income were used as indicators of poverty According to the results of this study using panel data analysis shows that human development index, education, life expectancy, infant deaths, and poverty indicators negatively affect income distribution.Öğe Foster Family Services in Turkey with a Legal Approach(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Erol, Sevgi IşıkSince the first years of history, the provision of care services for children in need of protection is one of the most important issues of social policy. The care and protection of children in need of protection is primarily the responsibility of their own family. However, in case the family of parents cannot fulfill this task against the child, this task belongs to the state as a requirement of being a social law state. The state performs this task through institutional maintenance-based methods. One of the alternative care services that enable children under institution care to grow in a will not look for the family environment is foster family. The purpose of this study, which is considered in a theoretical framework, is to consider “foster family service” implemented in our country within a legal framework. In foster family service, children in scope institutional care are given to another self-family until their family conditions improve. Therefore, foster family service is a significant application for the healthy development of children in need of protection.Öğe Global Public Goods & The Sovereignty Reponsibility Approach(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Selen, UfukThe problems with the production and financing of Global Public Goods weaken the thesis that nation-states have lost their sovereignty and that international governance structures are the determinant of the system in the globalization process. The increase in global public goods and its inability to be resolved with transnational systems further strengthen the reason why nation-states exist. Failure to solve problems related to KKM by international institutions increased the role and importance of the nation-state. The increasing role of the state in solving the production and financing problems of global public goods brings the concept of “sovereign responsibility”. Responsibility for sovereignty expresses the necessity of political sovereignty to behave sensitively towards the citizens of the countries inside and to the international community outside. In this framework, each sovereign state is responsible for planning global public goods supply and demand in its jurisdiction and producing it to meet the needs of all global elements. For global public goods, which is beyond the dominance of the state, the states, international and supranational structures that steer the world economy and politics should be engaged.Öğe Investigation of Social Expenditures in Turkey and the European Union(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Gümüştekin, Serkan; Deyneli, FatihFrom past to present, social spending helps governments to achieve social welfare levels of societies. However, there is no consensus in the literature about which expenditures made by social states are social expenditures. The development of social policies leads to different social spending practices within countries. In this study, the relationship between EU member states and Turkey's social policies and social spending were investigated. The effects of the social policy factors of the countries on the social policy indicator were examined and a comparative analysis was conducted between the countries. The relationship between social expenditures and social policy indicators was analyzed by correlation analysis and the effect of factors determining social policy indicator was examined by multiple regression analysis. As a result, it is said that the success of social policy is not directly related to social expenditure, by looking at the positive middle-level relationship between them. It was understood that the social expenditures made by the state were effective in reaching a high level in of social welfare, and then the increase in spending was not directly effective in this increase, and the countries with high social policy success made improvements in social policy indicators by spending less.Öğe How Important are Social Relations for Happiness? Empirical Evidence from Turkey(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Acar, YasinIn this study, we examine how effective are social relations in determining the happiness of an individual by utilizing the life satisfaction survey micro data set (2017)provided by the Turkey Statistical Institute. According to the results of the logistic regression method, women seem to be happier than men, and married people are more satisfied than unmarried. Employees in the public sector appear to be less happy than those in the private sector. Also, health seems to have a positive effect on individual happiness. We find that people who are satisfied with their job, and those who are satisfied with their earnings are also happier. Satisfaction with social life (such as entertainment, cultural, and sporting activities) increases the happiness of individuals, and having more free time makes people happier. Satisfaction with relatives and satisfaction with relationships with people related to work-life were also included in the analysis as factors affecting the happiness of an individual positively. The survey also gives information on about the degree of individuals’ satisfaction with their relationships with neighbors and friends, but these factors do not seem to affect the happiness of individuals.Öğe Financial & Accounting Impact for Reduction of Foreign Products in Turkish Health Sector(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Hanişoğlu, Gülay Selvi; Kızıl, Cevdet; Birinci, NedimIn this study, public procurement in the Turkish health sector was examined in terms of procurement method and product origin, taking into consideration the public procurement legislation. The financial impact of reducing the purchase of foreign origin products was analyzed, and recommendations were made. For this purpose, data from the Ministry of Health's decision support systems were collected by selecting specific indicators from data banks. The data of public procurement vouchers belonging to the Ministry of Health in the province of İstanbul in 2017, were used in this research. Turkey Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency data banks and data banks in the Turkish Pharmacists' Association were used to identify the product origins. The findings of the study showed that the majority of public procurement in the health sector was purchased through an open procurement procedure. Besides, a significant portion of the procurement was made with direct procurement. It was also determined that most of the purchased products were of foreign origin.Öğe Credit Rating and Assessment of Turkey’s Credit Rating From Past to Present(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Yiğiter, Şule YükselAs a result of easily movement of capital between the markets during the globalization process, the importance of the credit rating agencies has increased. Investors manage their capital through the ratings given as a result of credit rating. Countries and companies that need capital get into debt toward the credit ratings of their countries. Credit Ratings also change the cost of borrowing of countries or companies. While lower credit ratings increase the cost of borrowing, higher grades reduce the cost of borrowing. In this study credit ratings will being addressed in general framework and Turkey’s change and progress in credit scoring process will be examined.Öğe Enabling Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Africa: African Economic Transformation Index(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Ateş, Seyithan; Mban, MbelanganiAfrica has experienced in recent years a high growth and relatively sustained of approximately 5 to 6% on average, reaching even 8 to 9% in some countries. However, despite this constant growth, growth in Africa has not been a poverty reduction factor as dominant as it could have been due to the high levels of poverty and inequality. Therefore, African countries need reliable and comprehensive indicators intending to evaluate the growth, which is more than a growth resulting in economic diversification, export competitiveness, an increase in productivity, technology upgrade, and finally, human well-being. African Transformation Index (ATI) has been recently created to measure African countries' progress in diversifying economic activities, making their exports competitive, increasing the productivity of farms, firms, and government offices, and upgrading the technology. The paper strives to elaborate on the African economic transformation in general and the African Transformation Index in particular to assess ATI's ability to address the issue of African economic transformation.Öğe Effects of Income and Rural Area on Education(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Şengür, Mehmet; Şengür, SedefThe geographical areas where the population density is low and the production based on agriculture and animal farming rather than industrial-type production is considered a rural area. More specifically, in this study, we have defined areas with less than 2500 inhabitants as rural areas. The share in the total population of the rural population in the world and Turkey decreased over time. In the first period of the Republic of Turkey, 75% of the population live in rural areas, the proportion of people living in rural areas has decreased to 7.7% in 2017. The population migrated from rural to urban areas was also the main reason for the acceleration of urbanization. In this study, using data on education in Turkey and the world, its impact on rural areas were comparatively investigated. Besides, variables affecting the education level were analyzed by the logistic regression model. The preliminary results show that the increase in income causes urbanization. Gender is one of the determinants of the level of education.Öğe Economic Crisis and Budget Policies in Turkey: A Comparative Analysis in Terms of Fiscal Sustainability (1980-2018)(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Canbaz, MustafaThe existence of political instability until 2000 led to the failure to implement the state-owned enterprise's privatization program and targeted development policies. The expansion of economic liberalization policies in Turkey has led to an increase in financial fragility. After the banking crisis occurred in 2001, IMF-based stability policies were implemented. Financial sustainability and discipline were ensured by the trust of global financial institutions and investors in economic policies between2003-2008. The reasons and consequences of the global economic crisis in 2008 were focused on the effects of the crisis on Turkey, and as the effects of the crisis continued, the debt crisis in Europe slowed the flow of capital with the effect to Turkey in 2010. Fiscal policy implementations in Turkey from 2009 to 2018 will be evaluated on the effects of economic growth, inflation, and unemployment on the economy by considering public revenues, public expenditures, and short-term external debt data based on budget policies.Öğe The Relationship Between Budget Deficit and Inflation: An Application on Turkey(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2019) Dağ, Mehmet; Kızılkaya, FatmaIn this study, the effects of inflation on the budget deficit in Turkey are investigated using data from the period 1960-2016. The existence of cointegration relation between the series is examined by Johansen cointegration test. According to the results of the cointegration test, it has been found that there is a cointegration relationship between the series. When the coefficients are examined, it is concluded that there is a positive relationship between inflation and budget deficit.Öğe Real-Tıme Verifiable Educational Certificates With Block Chain(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2018) Ayberkin, Doruk; Beştaş, Mansur; Özen, ÜstünThe block chain is a structure that allows digitized information to be recorded on different nodes on a network, allowing the recorded information to be shared with other nodes to be verifiable and transparent. Each node in the distributed structure on the network monitors the operations on the network through the programs. Intelligent contracts control the accuracy of transactions, updating the distributed book of each node and registering it as an identical copy in all nodes. With the encryption and tree structure in the system, nodes can track how new edits or entries are initiated, acknowledged, saved and distributed, but they can not intervene on their own. Since the system is highly reliable at a distance from centrality, it has attracted interest in the trust-based sectors. Working with the block chain has also been started to ensure the reliability of educational certificates, which are often subject to fraud, and to perform real-time validation processes. The purpose of this study is to create a block-chain based application framework by briefly introducing the characteristics, development and operation methods of the block chain, expressing the importance of instant verification of the educational certificates and how block chain can be used for this verification.Öğe Basic Provisions of International Labor Norms Intended for the Covid-19 Outbreak: Japan, China, USA & Turkey Samples(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Erol, Sevgi IşıkThe Covid-19 outbreak began to affect not only human health but also the national and international labor markets. When the uncertainty and fear environment experienced is considered, enterprises postpone their investments, purchases of goods, and recruitment of workers. On the other hand, most of the workers will likely be fired due to rising labor costs. In this process, international labor norms, aiming at protecting jobs and workers, taking into account the needs of sustainable businesses and responding to labor markets' changing functioning, are of great importance. The basic provisions of international labor norms show the expected behavior in the face of concrete situations in working life and represent durability in the labor markets. In this context, international labor norms are the product of a unique tripartite structure (government, workers, and employers) that set the global economy's basic minimum social norms.
