The Importance of Green Places in Decreasing the Urban Temperature in Batman

Abstract

In today's big cities, meteorological parameters causes climate changes at local and regional measure by changing because of different reasons such as; the decreasing of green places and evaporation of surfaces, increasing of structural areas and surfaces that covered with concrete and asphalt and also the materials having the features of transmitting the temperature better and making high temperature storage. So this big cities turn into places that having a unique climate and providing unhealthy thermal conditions to their citizens. Increasing of impermeable areas in the city because of buildings, roads and surfaces covered with furnishings, decreases the evaporation of soil considerably. And as a result this increases temperature storage under the surfaces. This underground temperature store causes higher temperatures on surfaces than the area covered with flora. So this effects the increasing of sensitive temperature change between surface and atmosphere and also upside radiation waves. In other side, high buildings having shadow effects on both surface and walls can cause temperature decreasing at nights. Notwithstanding, despite of shadow effects, hot surface temperatures with anthropogenic temperature which is occurred as a result of both industrial establishment and other human activities, causes higher temperatures in urban areas than rural areas. With quick growth of cities, micro climate changes are also observed and urban temperature islands occur. And with increasing of city structuring, temperatures in cities increase but in other side it's seen that surface temperatures decrease because of increasing seen in air condition and green places. In this research, the effects of green places on temperatures are observed for Batman city. Temperature between the area with the least flora and the area with the most intensive flora is counted. In this research, from http:/glovis.usgs.gov/ site at 30 m spatial resolution, satellite videos called Landsat TM ETM+ AND OLI/TIRS IN 1985 AND 2015 are used. With Erdas 2014 software Landsat TM satellite videos are brought together with layerstack. 3-2-1 band combination is selected in order to specify the urban areas. Controlled-classify is done especially with using Maximum Likelihood classify methodology. In closed land areas, specified with Controlled-classify are measured as hectare. Urban areas borders are revealed with Landsat TM satellite images with using Erdas 2014 software and then they are digitized with ArcGIS 10.3 software again. 1985 Landsat MSS satellite images are compared with other Landsat TM satellite images. With the help of the satellite images in 1985 and 2015, it is stated how changes are observed in that urban and areas used around. In addition, in period between 1985-2015, it is displayed in which areas the city has improved and enlarged. Also, in order to specify surface temperature, we get benefit from thermal bands Landsat TM ETM+ AND OLI/TIRS satellite images. This method has been applied to Batman city which has been growing since 1980. And according to tis application, relationship between green places and urban temperature is specified. It is stated that surface temperature is lower at green places than at urban structuring places. Green places and parks should be increased throughout the city in order to decrease the surface temperature and the number of the urban temperature islands. Also during the preparation of a new city plan we should be careful about structuring the weather corridors.