Comparison Of Techniques Used in Three-Dimensional Modelling of Small-Sized Objects with Mobile Phones

Abstract

Many cultural assets have not survived from the past to the present without preserving their structural integrity. In order to maintain our connection with the past, many techniques have been developed to protect these cultural artifacts. One of these techniques is based on the photogrammetry technique, which is a technique developed by the discipline of surveying engineering, in which the physical dimensions of the object are measured geodetically without contact with the objects and their three-dimensional models are produced in a computer environment by taking their photographs considering photographic rules. Thanks to this technique, all the geometric and structural features of the structure, metric information, and details of the object's integrity such as material type can be revealed. Modelling techniques and scanning methods have also developed with developing technology. In recent years, with the development of three-dimensional scanning technologies, it has become quite easy to transfer physical objects to digital media. Thanks to these methods, an existing object can be quickly transferred to digital media and then changes can be made to this digital model or preparations can be made for production. Three-dimensional modelling accelerates design processes, reduces costs and increases production quality. In addition, it can be widely used in engineering, industry, geology, archaeology, virtual reality and augmented reality applications. In this study, a three-dimensional modelling of a small object was made using the lidar scanning method, which is one of the advanced scanning methods of today, and photographs taken with the same mobile phone camera using an iPhone 14 Pro model mobile phone lidar sensor. Modelling was done using the 3D Scanner App software and the scanning techniques allowed by the software were compared. The creation times of the model obtained with each scanning technique, the number of photographs used, the model integrity and sharpness, the reference measurements obtained from the object and the measurements obtained from the model were compared and statistical values were obtained from these data. In the light of this data, it was discussed which scanning technique and model gave better results.