Performance of magnetic dipole contribution on electromagnetic Ellis tetra hybrid nanofluid with the applications of surface tension gradient: A Xue model exploration

Abstract

The objective of this work is to examine the enhancement of thermal energy transfer in Ellis THNF (tetra hybrid nanofluid) flow with magnetic dipole permits on a vertical surface. Using the Xue thermal conductivity model, the THNF (tetra hybrid nanofluid) is organized according to the diffusion of TNPs (tetra nanoparticles) (Mgo, Cu, Ag, and TiO2)in the engine oil liquid. The flow, mass and heat transportation have been observed in the occurrence of the Marangoni convection impact and CattaneoChristove mass and heat flux model. In biomedical engineering, the model can also be used for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia treatment, where precise temperature and fluid flow control are essential. Gradient-driven surface tension in order to enhance the possibility for enhancing surface-driven flows in microfluidic devices and material processing techniques, such as welding and crystal formation, where regulated mass transport and consistent temperature distribution are crucial, Marangoni convection is included. Using the Bvp4c, the obtained dimensionless equations are mathematically resolved. It is found that a magnetic dipole significantly increases the generation of the thermal energy field and exhibits an opposing trend with respect to the flow profile. The addition Marangoni convection factor increases the velocity distribution while decline the solutal and thermal distribution. The heat transfer rate is increased by 19.71% for the tetra hybrid nanofluid and 13.43% for the trihybrid nanofluid when the nanoparticles volume fraction is improved from 0.01 to 0.04. © 2024 The Authors