Smartphone-based optical and electrochemical sensing

Abstract

Smartphones are emerging as potential replacements for the instrumentation involved in performing various sensing applications such as fast diagnostic tests. This is fueled in part by the gradual increase of billions of smartphone users (~ 3.5 billion users in 2020) even in low-income countries. In this chapter, the latest advancements on the design, development and successful applications of smartphone-based optical (colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence etc.) and electrochemical sensor platforms was highlighted and overviewed. It starts with the sifnigifance and superior features of the smartphones in the introduction part. In the next sections, optical sensing and electrochemical sensing based on smartphone technology and various important examples from the literature are demonstrated. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.