Evaluating Sustainability Practices in Viticulture Through a Comprehensive Study of Environmental, Social, and Economic Factors: A Case from Batman Province, Türkiye

Abstract

This study aims to assess the sustainability level of viticulture farms in Batman province and identify the factors that hinder their sustainability. The data used for the study were collected in the 2021 production year through surveys of 94 farms. A composite sustainability index was developed to measure the sustainability level of viticultural activities. Positive or endogenous weighting methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were used to reduce the number of sustainability indicators and determine their weights. The index values for economic, environmental, and social sustainability were found to be 0.40, 0.44, and 0.53, respectively. The overall sustainability index value for the farms was calculated as 0.43. The study also highlighted that 46.81% of the farms are at risk in terms of sustainability, with larger farms showing better sustainability performance compared to smaller ones.