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Öğe Biological control potential of some selected endophytic bacteria against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and their effects on potato plant growth(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2026) Ozsari, Pinar; Ozaktan, Hatice; Sanver, UtkuThis study evaluated the efficacy of six selected endophytic bacteria both against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and potential impact on potato plant growth. The bacterial isolates, selected based on prior activities, were tested in in vivo pot trials against L. decemlineata larvae. Their influence on plant growth was also measured under both pest-infested and pest-free conditions. The experiments were conducted between 2022 and 2024 under controlled growth chamber conditions at the Plant Protection Department of Ege University's Faculty of Agriculture. Bacterial applications caused corrected larval mortality rates of 21.87-56.25% compared to the untreated control. The most effective isolate, Chryseobacterium gleum (Holmes et al.) Vandamme et al. (Flavobacteriales: Weeksellaceae) (6), caused 56.25% mortality and exhibited significantly high proteolytic activity. These results demonstrate that the selected endophytic bacteria can significantly reduce L. decemlineata populations and enhance plant growth, showcasing their potential as dual-action biocontrol agents in potato cultivation.Öğe Urtica dioica L. attenuates bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2026) Sengul, Gulsum Pektanc; Kirman, Gunsel; Sengul, Seydi AhmetPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Urtica dioica L. (UD) against liver damage induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in rats. Materials and Methods: To this end, 48 healthy male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (0.5 ml of normal saline); BPA (50 mg/kg); UD100 (100 mg/kg); UD200 (200 mg/kg); BPA+UD100; and BPA+UD200. All administrations were carried out for 56 days. The effects of the BPA and UD administrations on expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in liver tissue samples were evaluated using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: BPA caused significant increases in the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio (+45.2-fold) and TNF-alpha levels (+12.2-fold) in liver tissue. In groups treated with UD at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses, apoptosis was suppressed by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating Bax expression. Furthermore, the co-administration of UD was observed to significantly reduce the histopathological damage caused by BPA in liver tissue. In the BPA+UD100 group, inflammation was suppressed by downregulating TNF-alpha expression (-18.8-fold); however, in the BPA+UD200 group, TNF-alpha expression levels were higher than in the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that UD treatment can mitigate the adverse effects of BPA on liver tissue and enhance tissue healing in rats.Öğe Factors Determining the Duration of Breastfeeding Termination Among Mothers: The Case of Southeast Anatolia Region(Ataturk Univ, 2026) Gul, Sidar; Kilicli, Aydegul; Aktoprak, MukaddesObjective: The study aimed to determine mothers' knowledge of, and practices relating to, the termination of breastfeeding, as well as the factors affecting early termination of breastfeeding. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population included mothers who applied to Siirt Training and Research Hospital. The data were obtained from 300 participants who visited the pediatric clinic between January and March 2024 and were selected via purposive sampling. The data were collected using a descriptive information form developed by researchers in line with the literature and through face-to-face interviews. Results: The participants' mean age was 28.91 +/- 4.98 years, and 42.3% had completed high school or higher education. 81.7% of participants wanted their last pregnancy, 53.7% of them breastfeed within the first 60 minutes after birth, and 33.0% of them received breastfeeding education. 80.7% of participants planned to breastfeed for less than 24 months and wanted to termination of breastfeeding by reducing it and using bitter or unpleasant odors on the breast. 19.0% of participants received education on termination of breastfeeding; the people who provided education were health professionals and family members. The planned breastfeeding duration of shorter than 24 months was 2.23 times higher in those who mostly spoke Kurdish or Arabic in the family, 2.88 times higher in those whose baby was 6-12 months old, and 2.24 times higher in those without breastfeeding education. These significant predictors explained 15.9% of the total variance (P<.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that different ethnic origins, the baby being aged 6-12 months, and not receiving breastfeeding education are important determinants in the planned breastfeeding period being shorter than 24 months at the time of breastfeeding termination.Öğe Investigation of thermal oxidative stabilization process of viscose rayon fibers by multistep heat treatment technique(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2026) Demirel, Tuba; Tuncel, Kemal Sahin; Karacan, IsmailThis study investigates the thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS) process of viscose rayon fibers. Before stabilization, a chemical pretreatment containing ammonium sulfamate and urea was applied to the fibers, and then stabilization was carried out at temperatures between 200 degrees C-250 degrees C for different times with a multi-step heat treatment strategy. The effects of the TOS process on fiber density, tensile strength, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were evaluated in detail. The results show that as the TOS time increased, the density increased to 1.73 g/cm3 and the carbonization efficiency increased from 15% to 64%, but the tensile strength decreased by 60%. FT-IR and XRD analyses revealed that the cellulose II crystal structure was disrupted, the structure became 100% amorphous after 5 min of stabilization and cross-linked aromatic structures increased. DSC and TGA results show that the thermal resistance of stabilized fibers is significantly improved. These findings indicate that stabilized viscose rayon fibers have attained sufficient thermal stability for the subsequent stages while also making significant contributions to the optimization processes for the efficient production of viscose rayon-based activated carbon fibers.Öğe The Adaptation of the Organizational Disidentification Scale into Turkish: A Study on Validity and Reliability(Cukurova Univ, 2025) Gencdal, Gulsen; Memduhoglu, Hasan Basri; Cogaltay, NazimThe aim of this study is to adapt the Organizational Disidentification Scale, developed by McGuire (2021), into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. The study group consisted of 319 teachers working in the Yeni & scedil;ehir district of Diyarbak & imath;r. Scale items were translated into Turkish, linguistic equivalence was established with 50 English teachers, and cultural adaptation wasfinalized via expert opinions. To determine construct validity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted using AMOS. Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficients were calculated for reliability. During analysis, one item was excluded due to low factor loading. Findings demonstrated that the scale's structure, consisting of 11 items and three sub-dimensions (Distinction, Discontent, Disconnection), exhibited acceptable model fit indices. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 88, and McDonald's Omega was 884. Consequently, it was concluded that the Turkish version of the Organizational Disidentification Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring disidentification levels in educational contexts. This study provides a methodological framework for future quantitative research in educational organizations and contributes significantly to the literature.Öğe Preliminary study of Lake Sinai virus in honey bee samples from İzmir and Muğla, Türkiye(Ankara Univ, 2026) Cagirgan, Abdurrahman Anil; Pekmez, Kemal; Kaplan, Murat; Arslan, Fatih; Findik, AyferLake Sinai virus (LSV) is an RNA virus that affects honey bee health and is considered a significant contributor to colony losses. In this study, the prevalence of LSV was investigated in adult bees and capped broods collected from 32 apiaries in & Idot;zmir and Mu & gbreve;la, T & uuml;rkiye. Using RT-PCR, LSV was detected in 68.7% of adult bees and 46.8% of capped broods, indicating a widespread presence in the studied regions. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of LSV strains. In the variant typing study, LSV-2 was the most commonly detected variant, while LSV-4 was identified at a lower frequency. However, LSV-1, LSV-3, and LSV-5 were not detected in the analyzed samples. According to the phylogenetic analysis, high genetic heterogeneity was observed among LSV strains, with no distinct clustering by geographical distribution. These findings suggest that LSV is prevalent in T & uuml;rkiye and exhibits genetic diversity independent of its location. This study provides RdRp-based phylogenetic data on honey bee LSV from T & uuml;rkiye, contributing valuable molecular evidence to ongoing efforts to understand LSV distribution and evolution. Further research is necessary to assess the pathogenicity of different LSV variants and their potential impact on colony health.Öğe UTILIZING OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES TO ASSESS TOTAL NETWORK LOSSES IN TÜRKİYE(Konya Teknik Univ, 2026) Aslan, Murat; Karaman, Omer Ali; Saglam, Mustafa; Uney, Mehmet SefikThe accurate forecasting of energy losses in the interconnected grids of T & uuml;rkiye assumes crucial importance in facilitating strategic planning, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering infrastructure development within the energy sector. A limited number of studies in the existing literature address the estimation of network losses, with investigations into such losses have predominantly relied on conventional machine learning (ML) methodologies. This study proposes an arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) approach to the total network losses (TNL) estimation of T & uuml;rkiye. Firstly, the models are generated with AOA, IAOA, and LevyAOA methods, and then long-term TNL projections were conducted for three scenarios between 2021 and 2050. TNL is modelled as a linear regression model, and for this model, import, export, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) indicators are used as input parameters, and the TNL indicator is used as the output parameter. In the experiments, the historical data records of T & uuml;rkiye from 1979 to 2020 are used to create the estimation model. Then, long-term TNL estimations with different scenarios are realized for T & uuml;rkiye up to 2050. The TNL are expressed in gigawatt-hours (GWh) on an annual basis. According to the experimental results and comparisons, the IAOA method has shown quality and robust performance for estimating the TNL compared to other methods. Compared to the standard AOA, the proposed IAOA reduced the total error by 42.57% and the total relative error by 55.49% on the 1979-2020 dataset.Öğe Beyond Critique: Razi's Theory of the Soul in al-Mabāhith al-mashriqiyya Revisited(Sirnak Univ, 2026) Altuntas, SultanFakhr al-Din al-Razi's views on the nature of the soul have been subject to divergent interpretations due to his tahqiq-based method and the theoretical shifts traceable across his works. In this respect, al-Mabahith al-Mashriqiyya-his early philosophical treatise in which he synthesizes the traditions of kalam and philosophy-occupies a distinctive position for investigating the foundations of his theory of the soul. This article examines the theory of the soul developed in this work within the framework of Razi's epistemological structure and his account of self-consciousness, arguing that the question of the soul's nature should be approached not merely through his critical engagement with earlier positions, but in conjunction with his inquiries into the nature of knowledge itself. R & amacr;zi's definition of the reality of knowledge as a relational state attached to a form, his rejection of a material locus for such forms, his insistence that both particular and universal cognitions are directly realized by the soul, and his effort to ground the enduring continuity of one's awareness of one's own essence over time all play a decisive role in his orientation toward an immaterial conception of the soul. This study demonstrates that this orientation emerges as a necessary consequence of his reflexive analysis of self-consciousness, together with the accounts of consciousness, cognition, and knowledge developed in al-Mabahith. The analysis proceeds through text-centered readings and, where necessary, comparative examinations of Razi's other works, structured along four main axes: (i) the conditioning of relational states by forms, (ii) the imprinting and locus of forms, (iii) the immediate unity of the subject, and (iv) self-consciousness.Öğe The Importance of Blood Parameters for Prognosis Prediction in Status(Galenos Publ House, 2026) Dolanbay, Turgut; Vural, Abdussamed; Cumaoglu, Mustafa Oguz; Yuceer, Omer; Cakan, Gizem; Ayan, Durmus; Alayunt, Naci OmerAim: To compare blood parameters between patients with status epilepticus (SE) and those with non-SE epileptic seizures at presentation to the emergency department, and to evaluate the prognostic value of immature granulocytes (IG). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients presenting with seizures. Hematological and biochemical parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), blood gas parameters, IG, and IG%were analyzed. Results: A total of 634 patients were screened; 68 hospitalized patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed (SE: n=37; non-SE: n=31). Significant differences between groups were observed for WBC, lactate, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), base deficit, CRP, IG, and IG%(p<0.05 for all). An IG cut-off value of 0.045 predicted clinical outcomes with 95.8% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. Conclusion: IG and IG%are promising, rapid, and cost-effective inflammatory biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy in SE. Their use may support early risk stratification, guide clinical decision-making, and improve timely intervention in emergency settings.Öğe Determination of the effect of Trichoderma Pers. on root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. in pistachios(Plant Protection Central Research Institute, 2026) Seba, Sena Nur; Aydin, Mehmet HadiDue to environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides used in agriculture, residue problems and the difficulty of chemical control of soil pathogens, alternative methods are being investigated to control some plant diseases. Biological control is a method developed as an alternative to chemical control. Trichoderma species are known to be the most widely used antagonists in biological control. This study investigated the effectiveness of some Trichoderma species against Rhizoctonia solani through volatile metabolites, using a dual culture method and in artificially contaminated potting soil in 2022-2023. The study showed that Trichoderma sp. FT1 isolate suppressed the pathogen by volatile metabolites with a rate of 33.88%. In the dual culture method, the Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 isolate demonstrated strong hyperparasitic properties, inhibiting the pathogen by 70.97%. It was determined that the antagonists T. harzianum TUZ16, Trichoderma virens İB1, Trichoderma viride VG18, and Trichoderma sp. FT1 suppressed the pathogen in the plant by 66.66%, 60.00%, 56.66%, and 43.33%, respectively in pot study. © 2026, Plant Protection Central Research Institute. All rights reserved.Öğe Atherogenic Lipid Profiles and Cardiovascular Risk Indices in Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study(Sakarya University, 2026) Kaynak, Çağdaş; Aslan, Muzaffer; Ertekin, Ayfer; Okşen, Doğaç; Nas, NecipObjective: Epilepsy is increasingly recognized as a condition associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, potentially influenced by both the disease itself and long-term antiseizure medication (ASM) use. Atherogenic lipid indices enable a more detailed evaluation of cardiovascular risk that may not be evident through conventional lipid measurements. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 71 patients with epilepsy and 50 age-and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited from the Neurology and Cardiology outpatient departments of Siirt Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025. According to the criteria established by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), patients were classified into two subgroups: drug-sensitive epilepsy (DSE, n=52) and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE, n=19). Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Atherogenic indices were calculated and compared across groups. The relationships between treatment duration and lipid-based risk indicators were examined using correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression, accounting for potential covariates. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the DRE group exhibited significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p=0.030) and higher Castelli Risk Index II (CRI-II) values (p=0.01). In multivariate regression models, longer epilepsy duration and higher body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with increased CRI-II (p=0.023 and p=0.003, respectively) and Cholesterol Index (CHOLIndex) (p=0.026 and p=0.009, respectively). Conclusions: Epilepsy patients, particularly those with DRE or prolonged treatment duration, demonstrate unfavorable shifts in lipid-based cardiovascular risk markers. © 2026, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of Microbial and Chemical Fertilization on Lentil Growth, Yield and Quality under Semi-Arid Conditions(Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2026) Erman, Murat; Çığ, Fatih; Ceritoğlu, MustafaSustainable agricultural practices and effective plant nutrition strategies are increasingly important for both yield improvement and the conservation of natural resources. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of microbial and chemical fertilization on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) growth, yield, and nutrient composition under the ecological conditions of Van, Türkiye. The experiment evaluated the interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum (RHZ), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strain (B), and nitrogen fertilizer (NF) across two growing seasons. The findings revealed that both year-to-year climatic variability and treatment combinations significantly affected plant performance. Among treatments, RHZ+NF+B consistently resulted in superior outcomes in biological and grain yields of 2992 and 1302 kg ha-1, representing 19.5% and 28.9% increases over the control, respectively. This integrated approach also boosted grain N, P, and K contents by 11.5%, 34.6%, and 35%, respectively, thereby indicating improved nutrient uptake and mobilization. In contrast, combined application of NF with RHZ and B reduced yield productivity since nitrogen has inhibitory effect on nodulation and nitrogenase enzyme activity. Number of plants per square meter, which ranged from 55.3 to 120.8, was a key determinant of total biomass and pod number per plant, therefore, the higher emergence rates in the first season were likely driven by more favorable climatic conditions. Nutrient analysis showed that integrated microbial-chemical treatments enhanced macronutrient accumulation, however, micronutrient responses exhibited differences. Notably, Fe and Cu concentrations decreased in high-yielding plots, whereas Zn and Mn levels remained relatively stable. The study highlights the importance of tailoring nutrient input strategies to support both biological nitrogen fixation and optimal nutrient composition. It also reinforces the potential of integrated biofertilization practices in promoting sustainable legume production under semi-arid conditions. These results highlight balanced N fertilizer to support biological N2 fixation. Further research is recommended to focus on long-term soil health impacts the long-term impacts on soil health. © 2026, Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of Antioxidant Capacity of Astragalus halicacabus Lam.(Iğdır University, 2026) Bayramoğlu Akkoyun, Mahire; Ekin, Suat; Akkoyun, H.Turan; Bakir, Ahmet; Gök, H.Nazlı; Özgökçe, FevziIn this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activities, ascorbic acid levels of the endemic Astragalus halicacabus Lam. species growing in Turkey were thoroughly evaluated. The total antioxidant capacity of the leaves was determined as 10.32±0.30 mM ascorbic acid/g, while total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were 4.29±0.12 mg gallic acid/g and 3.54±0.22 mg quercetin/g, respectively. The ascorbic acid content was measured as 48.46±0.79 mg/100 g. DPPH(2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) and ABTS ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) radical inhibition values were 56.15% and 54.60%, indicating similar activity yet remaining lower than those of the positive controls. In contrast, the plant exhibited markedly higher superoxide radical scavenging activity at 95.12 µg/ml (70.46%), clearly exceeding the positive control (49.28%). Metal chelation inhibition was found to be 51.66% with an IC₅₀ of 43.17±0.68 µg/ml, while hydroxyl radical inhibition reached 67.09%. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging produced a maximum inhibition of 58.54%, with an IC₅₀ value of 66.29±1.23 µg/ml. Overall, the strong superoxide radical scavenging capacity highlights the selective yet potent antioxidant behavior of the plant. Although its hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities were comparatively lower than those of the reference antioxidants, the plant still demonstrates meaningful antioxidant potential. These findings suggest that Astragalus halicacabus Lam., with its rich phenolic profile and notable vitamin content, represents a valuable natural antioxidant source with promising potential in pharmacology, functional food development, and natural antioxidant formulations, while also contributing important insights into the species’ biochemical characteristics and supporting its possible therapeutic relevance in future research. © 2026, Iğdır University. All rights reserved.Öğe From Traditional Methods to Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Non-Line-of-Sight Analysis Techniques(Sakarya University, 2026) Çelebi, Semra; Türkoğlu, İbrahimThis study explores the current state, core methodologies, and major challenges associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing technologies. NLOS sensing enables the detection of objects and individuals outside the direct field of view and has critical applications in disaster response, security, and autonomous systems. Despite its growing potential, the field faces technical limitations, including restricted resolution, complex data processing, and multipath propagation effects. A wide range of approaches is examined, including both active and passive systems, SPAD and CCD/CMOS sensors, confocal and non-confocal imaging techniques, acoustic methods, and artificial intelligence-based models. The study also emphasizes innovative experimental setups and complex scene designs to evaluate system performance under realistic and challenging conditions. Furthermore, diverse evaluation metrics are discussed to support both numerical and perceptual analysis of system outputs. In conclusion, NLOS sensing is a complex field that requires an interdisciplinary approach, but it holds great potential for the scientific community and practitioners due to the opportunities it offers. This study has contributed to the current body of knowledge and provided suggestions that will guide future research. © 2026, Sakarya University. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Mindfulness on Internet Addiction in Nursing Students(Dokuz Eylul University, 2026) Toğluk, Sabri; Bayar, Behiye DilmenBackground: Unconscious internet use among students contributes to increased risk of internet addiction. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of mindfulness on internet addiction in nursing students. Method: The study is descriptive, cross-sectional, and exploratory in nature. The sample consisted of 845 nursing students. Data were collected between February and April 2024. The Personal Information Form, Young Internet Addiction Scale, and Mindfulness Scale were used to collect research data. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare independent groups. Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis were applied to examine the relationships between variables. Descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and percentagefrequency distribution were used. Results: The mean total scores of students on the Internet addiction scale (X̄ = 46.23, SS = 14.37) and the mean scores on the conscious awareness scale (X̄ = 53.37, SS = 16.27) were moderate. The Pearson correlation analysis conducted between the Young Internet Addiction Scale and the Mindfulness Scale revealed a low, negative, and statistically significant relationship (r = -0.20, p 05). When the predictive level of mindful awareness on internet addiction was analysed, it was determined to be a significant predictive variable (β = -0.209, t = -6.19, p 001). Although the explanatory level of the model is low, it is significant (R² = .04). Conclusion: It has been determined that as students’ levels of conscious awareness increase, their levels of internet addiction decrease. Workshops and awareness training modules can be developed to prevent students’ internet addiction. It is recommended that student communities and social activities that can increase face-to-face interactions among students be increased. © 2026, Dokuz Eylul University. All rights reserved.Öğe Farklı Sulama Koşullarında Çeltikte CO₂ ve Sıcaklık Değişimlerine Duyarlılığın Model Tabanlı Analizi(2025) Baydar; AlperBu çalışmaÖğe The Effect of Putrescine and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) Treatments on Fruit Quality Characteristics of Strawberry (Kabarla cultivar) During Cold Storage - [2](2025) Aglar; Erdal; Küçüker; Emine; Özcengiz; Ceyda Kızgın; Oğurlu; Ferhat; Ogurlu; HikmetStrawberry is a fruit species that must be harvested at full ripening and at the same time has an extremely short shelf life and deteriorates rapidly. ThereforeÖğe SAKİNŞEHİR AĞI VE TİLLO’NUN ÜYELİK POTANSİYELİNİN KENTSEL GELİŞİM AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ(2025) Yıldız; İbrahimNüfusun ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin yoğunlaştığı mekânlar olan kentlerÖğe Dijital Dönüşüm Sürecinde Mesleki Algılar: Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarının Görüşleri Bağlamında Batman ve Siirt İllerine Yönelik Bir Analiz(2026) Akçay; Aysel Öztürkçü; Cekmen; Yılmaz; Teğin; SerhatBu çalışmanın amacıÖğe KÜRESEL EKONOMİK POLİTİKA BELİRSİZLİK ENDEKSİ İLE BIST VADELİ VE SPOT PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN TESPİTİ(2026) Baydaş; Yunus; Sönmez; YahyaBu çalışmada küresel ekonomik politika belirsizlik endeksi (GEPU) ile BIST vadeli ve spot piyasaları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Toda-Yamamoto testi ile sınanmıştır. Spot piyasasını temsilen BIST 100 Endeksi (BIST100)
