Fractional Order Optimal Control of Tuberculosis Model with Exogenous Reinfection

Abstract

As a general formulation for the SEIT epidemiological model, an exogenous reinfection system of fractional order TB model is presented in this paper. Control, which stands for the prevention of external reinfection, is used to successfully minimize the number of infectious individuals who are actively contagious and latently infectious. Based on the fractional-order Caputo derivative, this fractional mathematical formulation has been theoretically examined using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The generalized Euler method is used in the proposed Forward-Backward sweep methodology to solve the resulting optimality problem numerically. Numerical data demonstrate the efficacy of the optimization procedures. © 2026 Natural Sciences Publishing. All rights reserved.