Material recycling - [2]

Abstract

Huge number of wastes around globe have been discarded for many years and they are required to be recycled. Tire and metal recycling are one of the most significant waste types to be recovered for many reasons such as economic and environmental issues. Several recycling methods can be applied to tire waste (TW) recycling to eliminate environmental pollution and recycling products can be used for char pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. The waste tire can also be mechanically treated to reuse in means of transports. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been mainly used in electric vehicles which is more popular around the world due to offering environmentally-friendly option. However, LIBs include toxic hazardous and heavy metals thus they must be recycled properly. In addition, recent developments in direct recycling, pyro-metallurgy and hydro-metallurgy processes they can be recycled to reuse in LIBs applications. Rare earth elements (REEs) have been a critical role for many years in several industrial applications especially in high-tech products thus they should be vital for all countries. Several separation methods have been developed for recycling of REEs such as liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-solid separation, column chromatography etc. Recent advancement in recycling of TW, LIBs and REEs are analyzed and reviewed in this chapter in terms of technical and environmental concerns. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.