Development of Time Management Skills Scale for High School Students

Abstract

This paper aims to design a tool to measure time management skills of high school students. A survey model research design was adopted. Data were gathered from 1029 high school students by applying convenience sampling method. EFA results identified a structure comprising four primary factors. The four-factor scale with 17 items explained 50.03% of the total variance. The structure consisting of 17 items and four dimensions (Scheduling

Pursuing the Schedule

Effective Usage of Time

and Procrastination) was confirmed through first- and second-level confirmatory factor analyses. The first-level CFA indicated that all of the paths related to the 17 items were found to be statistically significant at the .001 level. Fit index values for second-level confirmatory factor analysis were between good and perfect values. The overall scale demonstrated strong internal consistency

yielding an alpha coefficient of .80. Correlation analysis showed that sub-factors were positively related

with values falling within the .299 to .515 range. The multi-group CFA results showed that metric and scalar invariance were clearly achieved

and strict invariance was practically achieved at the 10th

11th

and 12th grade levels. The model demonstrated excellent fit

as evidenced by both SRMR and RMSEA scores falling under the .05 threshold.