Investigation of the incorporation of $C_{60} into PC_{61}BM$ to enhance the photovoltaic performance of inverted-type perovskite solar cells based on $MAPbI_3$

Abstract

Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have managed to significantly capture attention by achieving efficiency values of 25.6% in a remarkably short period of around ten years. Each layer within the device plays a crucial role in the overall device efficiency when it comes to PSC production. $PC_{61}BM$, a derivative of fullerene, is one of the most commonly used electron-transport layers (ETLs) in inverted-type PSCs. In this study, the improvement of the ETL was aimed by incorporating $C_[60} into PC_{61}BM$, and the effects of the doped ETL on MAPbI3-based inverted-type PSCs were investigated. For inverted type PSCs which are fabricated under high humidity (40-60%) and room conditions (~25 °C), the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have boosted from 11.54% (for undoped PC61BM) to 13.40% $(for C_{60}-doped PC_{61}BM)$. To comprehend the sources of improvement in the fabricated devices, a series of characterizations were carried out, including Current Density-Voltage (J-V), Hysteresis Factor (HF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) measurements.