FIELD STUDIES INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF KARSTIC FORMATIONS ON ENGINEERİNG STRUCTURES IN SIIRT PROVINCE

Abstract

Limestone and dolomite are carbonate rocks that gradually dissolve when exposed to groundwater and surface water

leading to the development of karstic features. Rainwater containing weak carbonic acid enlarges existing fractures and joints

forming voids

caves

and underground channels. These structures are highly sensitive to external influences such as structural loads

rainfall

groundwater fluctuations

climatic variations

and seismic activity. Even small hydrogeological or dynamic changes can disrupt the stability and cause sudden settlement or collapse. Understanding these processes is essential for ensuring the safety of engineering structures founded on carbonate terrains. In Siirt Province

karstic carbonate rocks are widespread in areas where various engineering structures are located. While these units seem stable under natural conditions

external factors can cause abrupt losses in bearing capacity and surface deformation

adversely affecting structural performance. This study evaluates more than 700 boreholes

supported by geophysical measurements and field observations across 147 plots. Additionally

several case studies were examined to identify mechanisms of stability loss in different parts of the province. The findings highlight that thorough geotechnical and geophysical investigations are necessary prior to construction in karst-prone zones. Integrating geological and hydrogeological data into urban planning is also crucial for ensuring safe and sustainable development.