Syrian Children’s Resilience and Families’ Experiences of Social-Justice: A Mixed-Methods Study

Abstract

Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, the research examined child and family’s justice related experiences that influence Syrian preschool children’s resilience. In the quantitative phase, data were collected from 156 mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Preschool Anxiety Scale to evaluate behavioral, emotional, and anxiety-related outcomes in their children. In the qualitative phase, ten mothers who had children with high and low difficulty scores were selected for semi-structured interviews to explore the impact of language, discrimination, economic hardship, community relations, and institutional support on children’s resilience. The quantitative findings showed strong associations between prosocial behavior and lower psychological distress. Qualitative analysis revealed that structural inequities, such as restricted mobility, discriminatory treatment in schools, and economic instability, often undermined children’s social integration. On the other hand, supportive teachers, inclusive neighborhoods, and cultural belonging acted as protective factors. Experiences of justice fostered engagement, confidence, and emotional stability, while experiences of injustice contributed to anxiety, withdrawal, and reduced participation in learning. These findings highlight the need for culturally responsive, multi-level interventions and policies that address structural barriers, foster inclusive environments, and recognize the cultural assets of refugee families to strengthen resilience in early childhood.