Effects of Pesticide and Wood Vinegar Applications on Surface-Dwelling Arthropods in the Wheat

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of certain pesticides (herbicides, fungicides) used in the wheat agro-ecosystem and wood vinegar (WV) produced from Broiler chicken bedding on soil-dwelling arthropods. The research was carried out under the ecological conditions of Mu & scedil; province during the 2014-2016 production seasons. Pesticide and WV applications were carried out using a backpack sprayer as follows: First, the application of pesticides (fungicides and herbicides); Secondly, corresponding to each pesticide application, WV applications were made at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/v). Finally, a control application was conducted using only tap water in response to the pesticide and WV applications. Arthropod sampling was conducted using pitfall traps. The arthropods captured in the traps were considered in terms of their family (Carabidae, Gryllidae, Araneidae, and Formicidae), Order (Opiliones), and the number of individuals of other arthropods. Simple Correspondence Analysis Technique was used for data analysis. As a result, it was observed that the applications affected the number of arthropods considered. Additionally, it was determined that there was an increase in the number of arthropods captured in traps in the 2016 season compared to 2015. In comparison to the control application, the average number of arthropods captured in the traps for the Carabidae family was highest in the 1% WV application (42.49 individuals) and lowest in the pesticide application (18.44 individuals); for the Araneidae family, it was highest in the 5% WV application (23.97 individuals) and lowest in the pesticide application (14.66 individuals); for the Formicidae family, it was highest in the 1% WV application (38.41 individuals) and lowest in the 0.5% WV application (17.69 individuals); for the Opiliones order, it was highest in the 4% WV application (24.55 individuals) and lowest in the pesticide application (10.69 individuals); and for other arthropods, it was highest in the pesticide application (35.66 individuals) and lowest in the 1% WV application (23.05 individuals). According to statistical analyses, significant relationships were identified between the applications and the number of arthropods captured in the pitfall traps.