THERMAL DYNAMICS OF TERNARY HYBRID MICROPOLAR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS NANOFLUID-FLOW WITH ACTIVATION ENERGY OVER A HEATED CURVED SURFACE

Abstract

Ternary nanoparticles significantly enhance the performance of electrical components, including lubricants, radiators, and cooling systems. This study investigates heat transfer in a 2-D micropolar ternary hybrid nanofluid-flow (copper, alumina, silver in water) over a stretched curved surface. It accounts for micropolarity, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, thermal radiation, heat source, activation energy, and specific boundary conditions. The governing PDE are reduced to non-linear ODEs using similarity transformations. Results show that ternary nanofluids outperform hybrid ones in thermal efficiency, benefiting applications like heat exchangers. Velocity decreases along the x-axis due to material and magnetic effects, but increases in the secondary direction. A higher heat source reduces the Nusselt number, while radiation enhances both temperature and Nusselt number. Magnetic fields raise skin friction, and activation energy with thermophoresis increases concentration, which is reduced by Brownian motion. Flow characteristics are illustrated through figures and tables to highlight these physical effects.