Investigation of Phenolic-Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Capacities, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Papaver Triniifolium Extracts

Abstract

Papaver triniifolium, a member of the Papaveraceae family T & uuml;rkiye, was investigated for its phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and enzyme inhibitory properties. The underground part of the plant were extracted using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, methanol-dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane) through the maceration technique. The extracts were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and alpha-glycosidase enzymes. Additionally, antioxidant capacities were assessed using multiple assays, including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and Fe-3(+)-Fe-2(+) reduction methods. LC-MS/MS analysis of the methanol extract revealed vanillic acid (927.60 mu g/g) and vanillin (249.05 mu g/g) as the major phenolic constituents. The methanol extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50: 62.10 +/- 0.11 mu g/mL) and alpha-glucosidase (IC50: 44.77 +/- 0.12 mu g/mL). These results suggest that P. triniifolium may serve as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in managing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as metabolic conditions like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The findings provide a pharmacological basis for further in vivo and clinical investigations.