Herbicide Resistance from First Reports to the Present Day: Global Trends and Integrated Weed Management Approaches

Abstract

Herbicides are among the most widely used methods in modern agriculture for controlling weeds. Howeverthe intensive use of herbicides over many yearsmostly with active ingredients possessing the same mode of actionhas led to the emergence and rapid spread of herbicide resistance in weed populations. Todayherbicide resistance is recognized as a major problem that negatively affects agricultural production and yield. In this reviewcases of resistance recorded in the International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database (www.weedscience.org) were examined based on global data on herbicide resistance in weeds. The study evaluated the change in herbicide resistance over the years based on countriesmodes of actionactive ingredientsweed speciesand crop plants; it revealed in which production systems and herbicide groups resistance is concentrated. The data obtained show that resistance to commonly used modes of actionsuch as ALS (Acetolactate synthase)EPSP (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate)and PSII (Photosystem II) inhibitorsis frequently reported in many countries and that resistance to multiple modes of action has developed in some weed species. Consequentlyit is evident that relying solely on chemical methods to manage herbicide resistance is insufficient. Thereforeit is important to adopt integrated weed management approaches that combine culturalmechanicalbiologicaland chemical methods. This review aims to contribute to understanding the current situation regarding herbicide resistance and evaluating approaches to existing control methods.