Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Banana Production in Türkiye: A Case Study in Mersin Province

Abstract

In this study, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with greenhouse banana production in Anamur District of Mersin Province were determined. Currently, there are no comprehensive studies in the literature dealing with the global energy shortage in agriculture and the effects of climate change on agriculture; Thus, our study is important in this respect. The main material of the study comprised data obtained from 251 banana producers through a survey. To calculate energy equivalents, the amount of inputs used in banana production was determined, and these input data were multiplied by energy equivalent coefficients. The total banana production area in the research region was 210.30 ha and the average banana production area was 0.83 ha. The total production amount was 16,195.00 t and the average banana yield was 77,009.03 kg ha−1. Total energy input in banana production was 94,373.80 MJ ha−1 and energy output was 184,821.67 MJ ha−1. Energy use efficiency was 1.96, energy productivity was 0.82 kg MJ−1, specific energy was 1.23 MJ kg−1, and net energy was 90,447.87 MJ ha−1. The shares of direct, indirect, renewable, and non-renewable energy sources were 26.81%, 73.19%, 24.08%, and 75.92%, respectively. Total greenhouse gas emission was 9120.73 kg CO2‑eq ha−1 and the greenhouse gas emission rate was 0.118 kgCO2‑eq kg−1. It was concluded that fertilizer input had the highest share in energy equivalents and greenhouse gas emissions. When the shares of energy equivalents of the inputs in total energy input were analyzed, it was determined that fertilizer energy (52.66%) had the highest share. Energy use efficiency greater than 1 indicated that inputs were used efficiently.