Determination of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Production in Adiyaman Province

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to perform the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of pistachio production. This research was performed for 2016 and 2017 production season in Adiyaman province of Turkey in dry conditions in 2017. The data supplied from research were collected from 152 different farms by face to face surveys with simple random sampling method. The agricultural input energies and output energies used in pistachio production were computed to determine the energy use efficiency. According to the research findings, the energy inputs in pistachio production were computed respectively as 4561.11 MJ ha(-1) (35.50%) diesel fuel energy, 3206.24 MJ ha(-1) (24.96%) chemical fertilizers energy, 2420.93 MJ ha(-1) (18.84%) machinery energy, 1020.06 MJ ha(-1) (7.94%) human labour energy, 715.69 MJ ha(-1) (5.57%) animal labour energy, 656.95 MJ ha(-1) (5.11%) farmyard manure energy and 266.16 MJ ha(-1) (2.07%) chemicals energy. Total input energy was computed as 12,847.14 MJ ha(-1). Energy values of pistachio yield were computed as 15,008.65 MJ ha(-1). Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy computations were computed respectively as 1.17, 22.32 MJ kg(-1), 0.04 kg MJ(-1) and 2161.51 MJ ha(-1). The consumed total energy input in pistachio production can be classified as 49.01% direct, 50.99% indirect, 18.62% renewable and 81.38% non-renewable. Total GHG emission was computed as 1123.72 kg CO(2-eq)ha(-1) for pistachio production with the greatest portions for human labour (32.42%). The human labour followed up chemical fertilizers usage (23.21%), diesel fuel consumption (19.89%), machinery usage (15.30%), farmyard manure usage (5.65%), chemicals usage (3.25%) and animal labour usage (0.27%), respectively. Additionally, GHG ratio value was computed as 1.95 kgCO(2-eq)kg(-1) in pistachio production.