Molybdenum-modified graphitic carbon nitride hybrid electrodes for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors

Abstract

The development of efficient electrode materials is crucial for high-performance electrochemical energy storage systems. In this work, molybdenum-modified graphitic carbon nitride (Mo@gCN) was synthesized via a hydrothermal approach followed by thermal treatment. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of Mo species into the gCN framework. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the Mo@gCN electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 269.63 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in 1 M H2SO4 within a potential window of - 0.2-1.0 V, significantly higher than pristine gCN. The electrode also exhibited excellent cycling stability with 83.68% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric device achieved an energy density of 22.05 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 882 W kg-1 . These results demonstrate that Mo incorporation effectively enhances the electrochemical performance of gCN, highlighting its potential as an electrode material for advanced supercapacitor applications.