Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinergic, and Antiglaucoma Effects of Magnofluorine

Abstract

Magnofluorine, a secondary metabolite commonly found in various plants, has pharmacological potential; however, its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition effects have not been investigated. We investigated the antioxidant potential of Magnofluorine using bioanalytical assays with 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(center dot+)), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD center dot+), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH center dot) scavenging abilities and K-3[Fe(CN)(6)] and Cu2+ reduction abilities. Further, we compared the effects of Magnofluorine and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), alpha-Tocopherol, and Trolox as positive antioxidant controls. According to the analysis results, Magnofluorine removed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with an IC50 value of 10.58 mu g/mL. The IC50 values of BHA, BHT, Trolox, and alpha-Tocopherol were 10.10 mu g/mL, 25.95 mu g/mL, 7.059 mu g/mL, and 11.31 mu g/mL, respectively. Our results indicated that the DPPH center dot scavenging effect of Magnofluorine was similar to that of BHA, close to that of Trolox, and better than that of BHT and alpha-tocopherol. The inhibition effect of Magnofluorine was examined against enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha-glycosidase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), which are linked to global disorders, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and glaucoma. Magnofluorine inhibited these metabolic enzymes with Ki values of 10.251.94, 5.991.79, 25.411.10, and 30.563.36 nM, respectively. Thus, Magnofluorine, which has been proven to be an antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic in our study, can treat glaucoma. In addition, molecular docking was performed to understand the interactions between Magnofluorine and target enzymes BChE (D: 6T9P), hCA II (A:3HS4), AChE (B:4EY7), and alpha-glycosidase (C:5NN8). The results suggest that Magnofluorine may be an important compound in the transition from natural sources to industrial applications, especially new drugs.