Sculpting the future of rice: CRISPR/Cas9 gene precision

RNA-guided genome editing technique known as the CRISPR/Cas9 (CC9) system is comprised of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA, also known as sgRNA. This invention has completely transformed the field of genome editing, emerging as an essential tool for altering the genetic makeup of different crops, such as rice. This article comprehensively reviews the CC9 system, its operating mechanisms, assembling methodologies, and techniques for identifying mutants with modified genes. We conducted a thorough analysis of the CC9 system in rice, focusing on the design and implementation. Our study explored techniques for accurate gene insertion and replacement, approaches for multiplex editing, and the processes influencing targeted and base editing, which control gene expression. Additionally, recent research was assessed to highlight the significance of specific genes in determining rice yields, quality, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Moreover, the article presents recent use cases of CC9 for rice development, while examining the challenges and prospects of employing this system in rice breeding.