CBCT-based volumetric analysis of mandibular central incisors for age estimation in children and adolescents: a pilot study

Abstract

This retrospective study evaluated the relationship between pulp volume (PV) and pulp/tooth volume ratio (PTVR) derived from CBCT images of permanent mandibular central incisors for age estimation in 106 children and adolescents aged 8-17.1 years (mean age 12.14 +/- 2.24). Three-dimensional segmentation was performed using 3D Slicer to calculate volumetric parameters, followed by sex-stratified correlation and linear regression analyses. In the total sample, weak but significant negative correlations were observed between age and both PV and PTVR (r = - 0.219 to - 0.234; p < 0.05). Sex-stratified analysis revealed significant correlations in females for right PV (r = - 0.327), right PTVR (r = - 0.357), and left PTVR (r = - 0.310), whereas no significant correlations were found in males (p > 0.05). In females, simple regression models based on right PV (R)& sup2; = 8.8%) and right/left PTVR (R)& sup2; = 11.0% and 7.7%) were significant. In the total sample, simple models were significant but weak (R)& sup2; = 3.9-4.4%). No sex or side differences were detected (p > 0.05). Although CBCT-based volumetric parameters reflect age-related pulpal changes, they demonstrate limited standalone predictive value in this pediatric cohort. Nevertheless, their observed right-left symmetry and sex independence suggest they may serve as supportive biometric indicators within comprehensive forensic age estimation protocols requiring cautious interpretation.