Enhanced thermal analysis of CNTs+TiO2/water-based trihybrid nanofluid with gyrotactic microbes and Hall current: enzyme biosensors and bacteria-powered micromixers applications

The suggested thermo-bioconvection model for CNTs+TiO2/water-based trihybrid nanofluid with gyrotactic microbes has potential applications in enzyme biosensors and bacteria-powered micromixers. The trihybrid nanofluid's increased thermal conductivity and mass transfer capabilities improve biosensor sensitivity and stability, allowing for the effective detection of biological and chemical species. Meanwhile, the regulated bioconvection of gyrotactic bacteria aids in the development of self-driven micromixers, which are essential in lab-on-a-chip systems, biomedical devices, and microfluidic platforms that demand precise and energy-efficient mixing. This study examines the properties of thermal radiation on gyrotactic microorganisms and thermophoretic particle deposition in a water-based trihybrid nanofluid across a surface with Soret and Dufour characteristics was described. The properties of Hall current and magnetic fields are all taken into consideration when analyzing fluid flow. A nonlinear set of PDEs is reduced to a dimensionless system of ODEs by the similarity variables. We have used the bvp4c approach to numerically estimate the reduced set of nonlinear ODEs. As the Soret and Dufour numbers rise, consequently increase the thermal and concentration profiles.