The effect of neurolinguistic programming and progressive muscle relaxation exercises on breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Introduction: This research was to determine the effect of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) and progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMRE) on breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women after cesarean section. Material and methods: This is a single-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Data were collected between 01 October 2023, and 18 December 2023. The sample of the study consisted of 99 primiparous women who gave birth by cesarean section (NLP=33, PMRE=33, and control=33). Women were randomly assigned to the groups. Starting from the first mobilization time after cesarean section, NLP was applied to the NLP group and PMRE was applied to the PMRE group every eight hours for 48 h. In the control group, NLP or PMRE was not applied and the women were allowed to rest on their backs. The primary outcomes of the study were breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Results: The mean scores of breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy measured over time were highest in the NLP group and lowest in the control group (p<.05). The mean scores of breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy measured over time increased by 78.4 %, and 97.7 %, respectively, in the NLP group compared to the control group, 74.7 %, and 88.1 %, in the PMRE group compared to the control group, and 13.5 %, and 90.2 %, respectively, in the NLP group compared to the PMRE group (p<.05). Conclusion: NLP intervention may have a more positive effect on breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy than PMRE intervention. Trial and protocol registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06070792.